4000 series

The 4000 series is the general classification used to refer to the industry standard integrated circuits which implement a variety of logic functions using CMOS technology. They were introduced by RCA as CD4000 COS/MOS in 1968, as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of TTL logic chips.Wright, Maury. Milestones That Mattered: CMOS pioneer developed a precursor to the processor EDN, 6/22/2006 Almost all IC manufacturers active during the era fabricated chips from this series.Initially, the 4000 series was slower than the popular 7400 TTL chips, but had the advantage of much lower power consumption, the ability to operate over a much wider range of supply voltages (3V to 15V), and simpler circuit design due to the vastly increased fanout. However their slower speed (initially only capable of about 1 MHz operation, compared with TTL's 10 MHz) meant that their applications were limited to static or slow speed designs. Later, new fabrication technology largely overcame the speed problems, while retaining backward compatibility with most circuit designs. Although all semiconductors can be damaged by electrostatic discharge, the high impedance of CMOS inputs made them more susceptible than bipolar, TTL, devices. Eventually, the advantages of CMOS (especially the later series such as 74HC) edged out the older TTL chips, but at the same time ever increasing LSI techniques edged out the modular chip approach to design. The 4000 series is still widely available, but perhaps less important than it was two decades ago.

The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s to include new types which implemented new or more greatly integrated functions, or were better versions of existing chips in the 4000 series. Most of these newer chips were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series.

In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g. Texas Instruments) ported the 4000 series to their 74HC / 74HCT series to make chips like the 74HCT4060 that offers the functionality of a 4060 IC but with the speed of the 74HCT chip.

Design considerations

The original 4000 series was available in two versions. The A series was unbuffered, while the B series featured buffered outputs. The buffered outputs were able to source or sink more current than the unbuffered outputs, which could eliminate the need for discrete switching transistors in some designs. The buffered versions were also faster, as the signal rise time through the buffer was faster than the unbuffered chip's output transistorLancaster, Don. CMOS Cookbook, ISBN 0-672-21398-2

The 4000 series permits the use of "cookbook" design at least for slow design, where standard circuit elements can be created and shared, and connected to other circuits with few, if any, connection difficulties. This greatly speeds up the design of new hardware by reusing standard approaches to circuit design. In contrast, TTL circuits, while similarly modular, often required much more careful interfacing, since the limited fanout (and fan-in) meant that loading of each output had to be carefully considered. Some modern TTL families, like 74LS reduce this problem with fanouts of 20. It is also much easier to prototype LSI designs using the 4000 series and get repeatable and transferrable results when moving to the more integrated design.

Some care needed to be taken with the design of circuits using these chips. Many parts offered multiple gates in a single package. Using less than the complete number of gates was common, and an engineer who forgot to tie off the other gates would find the chip using too much current. The problem was caused by biasing in each gate. With the outputs disconnected, the gate would bias itself into a linear mode where the outputs were partially switched. This left the output buffer drawing a great deal of current, since it wasn't fully on or off.

Example common 4000 series chips

* 4000 - Dual 3-Input NOR Gate and Inverter
* 4001 - Quad 2-Input NOR Gate
* 4002 - Dual 4-Input NOR Gate OR Gate
* 4007 - Dual Complementary Pair and Inverter
* 4008 - 4-Bit Full Adder
* 4009 - hex high-to-low voltage (inverter)
* 4010 - hex non-inverting buffer
* 4011 - Quad 2-Input NAND Gate
* 4012 - Dual 4-input NAND Gate
* 4013 - Dual D-type flip-flop with set and clear
* 4014 - 8-bit Static Shift Register with Synchronous Parallel Enable Input
* 4015 - Dual 4-Bit Serial-In/Parallel-Out Shift Register
* 4016 - Quad Bilateral Switch
* 4017 - Johnson Decade Counter with 10 Decoded Outputs
* 4019 - quad AND/OR select gate
* 4020 - 14-stage binary counter
* 4021 - 8-Bit Static Shift Register with Asynchronous Parallel Load Input
* 4022 - 4-Bit binary up/down counter
* 4023 - triple 3-input NAND gate
* 4024 - 7-Stage Binary Ripple Counter
* 4025 - Triple 3-Input NOR Gate
* 4026 - Decade counter with seven-segment display driver
* 4027 - Dual J-K flip-flop with set and clear
* 4028 - 1-of-10 Decoder
* 4029 - Synchronous Up/Down Counter, Binary/Decade Counter
* 4030 - Quad 2-input XOR gate (obsoleted by 4070)
* 4038 - Dual monostable timer
* 4040 - 12-Stage Binary Counter
* 4041 - Buffer; True Complement
* 4043 - Quad R/S Latch with Active HIGH Set and Reset Inputs (3-State)
* 4043 - Quad Tri-state Set/Reset latch
* 4044 - Quad R/S Latch with Active LOW Set and Reset Inputs (3-State)
* 4046 - PLL with VCO
* 4047 - Monostable/Astable Multivibrator
* 4048 - Multifunctional expandable 8-input (3-state output)
* 4049 - Buffer; Inverting (6 NOT gates) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)
* 4050 - Buffer; Non-Inverting (6 buffers) (unusual pin configuration, capable of directly driving 74-series TTL)
* 4051 - 8-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
* 4052 - Dual 4-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
* 4053 - Triple 2-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
* 4054 - Seven-segment display decoder/LCD driver
* 4059 - Programmable Divide-By-N Counter
* 4060 - 14-Stage Ripple-Carry Binary Counter/Divider and Oscillator
* 4066 - Quad Analogue Switch (Low "ON" Resistance)
* 4067 - 16-Channel Analog Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
* 4068 - 8-input NAND/AND gate
* 4069 - Hex Inverter (6 unbuffered NOT gates)
* 4070 - Quad EXCLUSIVE-OR Gate
* 4071 - Quad 2-Input OR Gate
* 4072 - Dual 4-Input OR Gate
* 4073 - Triple 3-Input AND Gate
* 4075 - Triple 3-Input OR Gate
* 4076 - Quad D-Type Register with 3-State Outputs
* 4077 - Quad EXCLUSIVE-NOR Gate
* 4081 - Quad 2-Input AND Gate
* 4082 - Dual 4-Input AND Gate
* 4085 - Dual 2-wide, 2-input AND/OR invert (AOI)
* 4086 - Expandable 4-wide, 2-input AND/OR invert (AOI)
* 4093 - Quad 2-Input NAND Schmitt-Trigger
* 4094 - 8-Stage Shift-and-Store Bus Register
* 4104 - Quad Low-to-High Voltage Translator with 3-State Outputs
* 4502 - Strobed Hex Inverter/Buffer (3-State)
* 4503 - Hex buffer (3-state non-inverting)
* 4504 - hex voltage level shifter for TLL to CMOS or CMOS to CMOS operation
* 4511 - BCD to seven-Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver with Lamp Test Input
* 4512 - 8-Input Multiplexer (3-State)
* 4514 - 1-of-16 Decoder/Demultiplexer with Input Latches; Outputs LOW at Data Input HIGH
* 4515 - 1-of-16 Decoder/Demultiplexer with Input Latches; Outputs HIGH at Data Input HIGH; Inverting
* 4516 - Binary Up/Down Counter
* 4517 - Dual 64-Bit Static Shift Register
* 4518 - Dual BCD Counter
* 4519 - Quad 2-Input Multiplexer
* 4520 - Dual 4-Bit Synchronous Binary Counter
* 4521 - 24-Stage Frequency Divider and Oscillator
* 4526 - Programmable 4-Bit Binary Down Counter
* 4528 - Dual Retriggerable Monostable Multivibrator with Reset
* 4532 - 8-Input Priority Encoder
* 4538 - Dual Retriggerable Precision Monostable Multivibrator
* 4541 - Programmable Timer
* 4543 - BCD to 7-Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver with Phase Input
* 4555 - Dual 1-to-4 Line Decoder/Demultiplexer
* 4556 - Dual 1-of-4 Decoder/Demultiplexer
* 4557 - 1-to-64 Bit Variable Length Shift Register
* 4572 - quad NOT, single NAND, single NOR
* 4585 - 4-Bit Magnitude Comparator
* 4750 - Frequency Synthesizer
* 4751 - Universal Divider
* 4794 - 8-Stage Shift-and-Store Register LED Driver
* 4894 - 12-Stage Shift-and-Store Register LED Driver
* 4938 - Dual Retriggerable Precision Monostable Multivibrator with Reset
* 4952 - 8-channel analog multiplexer/demultiplexer
* 40098 - Hex Inverting Buffer (3-State)
* 40105 - 4 bit x 16 word fifo register
* 40106 - Hex Inverting Schmitt-Trigger (NOT gates)
* 40107 - dual 2-input NAND buffer/driver
* 40109 - quad low-to-high voltage
* 40116 - 8-bit bidirectional CMOS-to-TTL level converter
* 40117 - Programmable dual 4-bit terminator
* 40147 - 10-line to 4-line BCD priority encoder
* 40174 - Hex D-type flip-flop with reset; positive-edge trigger * 40175 - Quad D-type flip-flop with reset; positive-edge trigger * 40193 - 4-Bit Up/Down Binary Counter
* 40240 - Buffer/Line Driver; Inverting (3-State)
* 40244 - Buffer/Line Driver; Non-Inverting (3-State)
* 40373 - Octal D-Type Transparent Latch (3-State)
* 40374 - Octal D-type flip-flop; positive-edge trigger (3-state)

Notable parts

A few parts are notable in the 4000 series because of their level of integration compared to other . This list is intentionally incomplete and is meant to provide a sample of the more interesting parts in the series.

4017 decade counter

The 4017 IC is a 16-pin CMOS decade counter from the 4000 series. It takes clock pulses from the clock input, and makes the ten outputs come on in sequence every time a clock pulse arrives.

Pinout

4017 pinout

Pin number	Name	Purpose
1	6	The 6th sequential output
2	2	The 2th sequential output
3	1	The 1th sequential output
4	3	The 3th sequential output
5	7	The 7th sequential output
6	8	The 8th sequential output
7	4	The 4th sequential output
8	0V, VDD	The connection to the 0V rail
9	9	The 9th sequential output
10	5	The 5th sequential output
11	10	The 10th sequential output
12	CO	Carry out output - goes high when changing from 10 to 1
13	LE	Latch enable - latches on the current output when high (i.e. the chip counts when LE is low)
14	CLK	Clock in
15	RST	Reset - sets output 0 high and outputs 1 through 9 low, when taken high
16	+9V, VCC	The connection to the +VCC rail (voltage between +3V and +15V)

4026 counter and display decoder

The 4026 IC is a 16-pin CMOS seven-segment counter from the 4000 series. It counts clock pulses and returns the output in a form which can be displayed on a seven-segment display. This avoids using a binary-coded decimal to seven-segment decoder, but it can only be used to display the (decimal) digits 0-9.

Pinout

4026 pinout

Pin number	Name	Purpose
1	CLK	Clock in
2	CE	Clock enable - when high, clock pulses increment the seven-segment
3	DE	Display enable - the chip outputs to the seven-segment when this is high (i.e. when it's low, the seven-segment is off) - useful to conserve battery life, for instance
4	DEO	Display enable out - for chaining 4026s
5	CO	Carry out output - Is high when changing from 9 to 0
6	F	Output for the seven-segment's F input
7	G	Output for the seven-segment's G input
8	VDD	The connection to the 0V rail
9	D	Output for the seven-segment's D input
10	A	Output for the seven-segment's A input
11	E	Output for the seven-segment's E input
12	B	Output for the seven-segment's B input
13	C	Output for the seven-segment's C input
14	UCS	Ungated C-segment - an output for the seven-segment's C input which isn't affected by the DE input
15	RST	Reset - resets all outputs to low when taken high
16	VSS	The connection to the +9V rail

4511 BCD to seven-segment decoder

The 4511 IC is a 16-pin CMOS BCD to seven-segment decoder from the 4000 series. It takes the binary-coded decimal from a binary counter and decodes it to drive a seven-segment display.

Pinout

4511 pinout

Pin number	Name	Purpose
1	2s	Input for the 2s digit from the binary counter
2	4s	Input for the 4s digit from the binary counter
3	LT	Lamp test - when low, the chip takes all the segments on the display high (to test connections, etc.)
4	BI	Blanking input - when low, the chip doesn't output to the display - to conserve battery life, for instance
5	LE	Latch enable - latches on the current output when high (i.e. the inputs change the output when LE is low)
6	8s	Input for the 8s digit from the binary counter
7	1s	Input for the 1s digit from the binary counter
8	0V, VDD	The connection to the 0V rail
9	E	Output for the seven-segment's E input
10	D	Output for the seven-segment's D input
11	C	Output for the seven-segment's C input
12	B	Output for the seven-segment's B input
13	A	Output for the seven-segment's A input
14	G	Output for the seven-segment's G input
15	F	Output for the seven-segment's F input
16	+9V, VCC	The connection to the +9V rail

References

External links

* List of 4000 series ICs manufactured by Philips Semiconductors
* [1]