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9th millennium BC: Encyclopedia BETA


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9th millennium BC

{{millenniabox
mb =10th millennium BCm =9th millennium BCma =8th millennium BC

Europe and surrounding areas in the 9th millennium BC. Blue areas are covered in ice. (1) Upper Palaeolithic cultures. (2) Mesolithic cultures. (3) Swiderian cultures. (4) Pontic Tardenosian cultures. (5) Iberian Capsian cultures. (6) Oranian cultures. (7) Lower Capsian cultures. (8) The Fertile Crescent.

The 9th millennium BC marks the beginning of the Neolithic period.Agriculture spreads throughout the Fertile Crescent and use of pottery becomes more widespread. Larger settlements like Jericho arise along salt and flint trade routes. Northern Eurasia is resettled as the glaciers of the last glacial maximum retreat. World population is at a few million people, likely below 5 million.

Events

*Circa 9000 BC– Mediterranean - Settling on Mediterranean isles started
*Circa 8700 BC–8400 BC– Britain - Star Carr site in Yorkshire, Britain inhabited by Maglemosian peoples
*Circa 8500 BC– Great Britain - Mesolithic hunters camp at Cramond, Prehistoric Scotland
*Circa 8350 BC– Middle East - Neolithic settlement at Jericho
*Circa 8300 BC– Great Britain - Nomadic hunters arrive in England
*Circa 8000 BC– Norway - Øvre Eiker of Norway inhabited
*Circa 8000 BC– Africa - Earliest recorded African stone engravings, in the Apollo 1 cave.

Environmental changes

*Circa 8000 BC– World - Rising Sea
*Circa 8000 BC– Antarctica - long-term melting of the Antarctic ice sheets is commencing
*Circa 8000 BC– Asia - rising sea levels caused by postglacial warming
*Circa 8000 BC– World - Obliteration of more than 40 million animals about this time
*Circa 8000 BC– North America - The glaciers were receding and by 8,000 B.C. the Wisconsin had withdrawn completely.
*Circa 8000 BC– World - Inland flooding due to catastrophic glacier melt takes place in several regions

Inventions and discoveries

*Circa 8000 BC– Mesopotamia - Agriculture in Mesopotamia
*Circa 8000 BC– Asia - Domestication of the pig in China and Turkey
*Circa 8000 BC– Middle East - Domestication of sheep and goats
*Circa 8000 BC– Asia - Evidence of domestication of dogs from wolves
*Circa 8000 BC– World - Alleged transatlantic trade in tobacco between Africa and South America
*Circa 8000 BC– Middle East - Ancient flint tools from north and central Arabia belong to hunter-gatherer societies
*Circa 8000 BC– Middle East - Clay vessels and modeled human and animal terracotta figurines are produced at Ganj Dareh in western Iran
*Circa 8000 BC– Exchange of goods, a three-dimensional combination of an accounting/inventory system and medium of exchange
*Circa 8000 BC– Exchange of goods may represent the earliest pseudo-writing technology



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