Arkansas
or ) is a
Southern state in the
United States.
See: List of Arkansas counties, List of cities in Arkansas, List of Arkansas townships, List of Arkansas native plants.The capital of Arkansas is
Little Rock. Arkansas is the first state in the U.S. where
diamonds were found naturally (near
Murfreesboro, Arkansas).
The eastern border for most of Arkansas is the
Mississippi River except in Clay and Greene counties where the St. Francis River forms the western boundary of the
Missouri Bootheel. Arkansas shares its southern border with
Louisiana, its northern border with
Missouri, its eastern border with
Tennessee and
Mississippi, and its western border with
Texas and
Oklahoma. Arkansas is a beautiful land of mountains and valleys, thick forests and fertile plains. Northwest Arkansas is part of the
Ozark Plateau including the
Boston Mountains, to the south are the
Ouachita Mountains and these regions are divided by the
Arkansas River; the southern and eastern parts of Arkansas are called the Lowlands.
The so called Lowlands are better known as the
Delta and the Grand Prairie. The land along the Mississippi river is referred to as the "Delta" of Arkansas. It gets this name from the formation of its rich alluvial soils formed from the flooding of the mighty Mississippi. The Grand Prairie is slightly away from the Mississippi river in the southeast portion of the state and consists of a more undulating landscape. Both are fertile agricultural areas and home to much of the crop agriculture in the state.
Arkansas is home to many
caves, such as
Blanchard Springs Caverns.
Arkansas is home to many areas protected by the
National Park System. These include:
*
Arkansas Post National Memorial at
Gillett*
Buffalo National River*
Fort Smith National Historic Site*
Hot Springs National Park*
Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site*
Pea Ridge National Military ParkThe
Trail of Tears National Historic Trail also runs through Arkansas.
The first European who arrived in Arkansas was the Spaniard
Hernando de Soto, explorer at the end of the
16th Century. The early Spanish or French explorers of the state gave it its name, which is probably a phonetic spelling for the French or Catalan word for "downriver" people, a reference to the
Quapaw people and the river along which they settled. Other
Native American nations that lived in Arkansas prior to westward movement were the Quapaw,
Caddo, and
Osage Nations. While moving westward, the
Five Civilized Tribes inhabited Arkansas during the territorial period. The Five Civilized Tribes are the
Choctaw,
Chickasaw,
Creek,
Cherokee, and
Seminole. They were recognized as the "civilized tribes" because they eventually adopted Western customs such as
plantation living and
Christianity. Prior to statehood, it was known as the
Arkansaw Territory.
On
June 15,
1836, Arkansas became the 25th state of the
United States as a
slave state. Arkansas refused to join the
Confederate States of America until after
Abraham Lincoln called for troops to respond to the unprovoked attack of
Fort Sumter by Confederates in South Carolina. It seceded from the Union on May 6, 1861. The state was the scene of numerous small-scale battles during the
American Civil War. Under the Military Reconstruction Act, Congress readmitted Arkansas in June 1868.
In 1881, the Arkansas state legislature enacted a bill that adopted "arkansaw" as the official pronunciation - note the distinctive pronunciation of the last syllable. (See Law and Government below).
| Historical populations |
|---|
Census
year | Population | Change | Percent
change |
|---|
|
| 1810 | 1,062 | â€" | â€" |
| 1820 | 14,273 | 13,211 | 93% |
| 1830 | 30,388 | 16,115 | 53% |
| 1840 | 97,574 | 67,186 | 69% |
| 1850 | 209,897 | 112,323 | 54% |
| 1860 | 435,450 | 225,553 | 52% |
| 1870 | 484,471 | 49,021 | 10% |
| 1880 | 802,525 | 318,054 | 40% |
| 1890 | 1,128,211 | 325,686 | 29% |
| 1900 | 1,311,564 | 183,353 | 14% |
| 1910 | 1,574,449 | 262,885 | 17% |
| 1920 | 1,752,204 | 177,755 | 10% |
| 1930 | 1,854,482 | 102,278 | 6% |
| 1940 | 1,949,387 | 94,905 | 5% |
| 1950 | 1,909,511 | -39,876 | -2% |
| 1960 | 1,786,272 | -123,239 | -7% |
| 1970 | 1,923,295 | 137,023 | 7% |
| 1980 | 2,286,435 | 363,140 | 16% |
| 1990 | 2,350,725 | 64,290 | 3% |
| 2000 | 2,673,400 | 322,675 | 12% |
As of 2005, Arkansas has an estimated population of 2,779,154, which is an increase of 29,154, or 1.1%, from the prior year and an increase of 105,756, or 4.0%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 52,214 people (that is 198,800 births minus 146,586 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 57,611 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 21,947 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 35,664 people. It is estimated that about 48.8% is male, and 51.2% is female.
People of European ancestry have a strong presence in the northwestern Ozarks and the central part of the state. Blacks live mainly in the fertile southern and eastern parts of the state, especially along the Mississippi River. Arkansans of British and German ancestry are mostly found in the far northwestern Ozarks near the Missouri border.
As of 2000, 95.0% of Arkansas residents age 5 and older speak
English at home and 3.3% speak
Spanish.
French is the third most spoken language at 0.3%, followed by
German at 0.3% and
Vietnamese at 0.1%.
Religion
Arkansas, like most other Southern states, is part of the
Bible Belt and is overwhelmingly Protestant. The religious affiliations of the people are as follows:
*
Christian – 86%
**
Protestant – 78%
***
Baptist – 39%
***
Methodist – 9%
***
Pentecostal – 6%
***
Church of Christ – 6%
***
Assemblies of God – 3%
***Other Protestant – 15%
**
Roman Catholic – 7%
**
Orthodox Christian – <1%
**Other Christian – <1%
*Other Religions – <1%
*Non-Religious – 14%
The state's total gross state product for 2003 was $76 billion. Its Per Capita Personal Income for 2003 was $24,384, 50
th in the nation. The state's agriculture outputs are poultry and eggs, soybeans, sorghum, cattle, cotton, rice, hogs, and milk. Its industrial outputs are food processing, electric equipment, fabricated metal products, machinery, paper products, bromine, and vanadium.
In recent years,
automobile parts manufacturers have opened factories in eastern Arkansas to support auto plants in other states (though Arkansas does not yet have an auto plant itself, it is rumored to be a future site for a
Toyota plant as well as for a truck plant to be built by Toyota subsidiary
Hino Motors).
Tourism is also very important to the Arkansas economy; the official state nickname "The Natural State" was originally created (as "Arkansas Is A Natural") for state tourism advertising in the 1970's, and is still regularly used there to this day.
The effect of
Tyson Foods,
Wal-Mart,
J.B. Hunt and other multinational companies located in NW Arkansas cannot be overstated. The area is currently in a long-running economic boom due to being the forefront of Global Trade.
Wal-Mart alone accounts for $8.90 out of every $100 spent in U.S. retail stores.
Taxation
|
A map of Arkansas with county boundaries drawn |
Arkansas imposes a state
income tax with six brackets, ranging from 1.0 percent to 7.0 percent. The first $9,000 of military pay of enlisted personnel is exempt from Arkansas tax; officers do not have to pay state income tax on the first $6,000 of their military pay. Retirees pay no tax on
Social Security, or on the first $6,000 in gain on their pensions (in addition to recovery of
cost basis). Residents of
Texarkana, Arkansas are exempt from Arkansas income tax; wages and business income earned there by residents of
Texarkana, Texas are also exempt. Arkansas's gross receipts (
sales) tax and compensating (
use) tax rate is currently 6 percent. The state has also mandated that various services be subject to sales tax collection. They include wrecker and towing services; dry cleaning and laundry; body piercing, tattooing and electrolysis; pest control; security and alarm monitoring; self-storage facilities; boat storage and docking; and pet grooming and kennel services.
In addition to the state sales tax, there are more than 300
local taxes in Arkansas. Cities and counties have the authority to enact additional local sales and use taxes if they are passed by the voters in their area. These local taxes have a ceiling or cap; they cannot exceed $25 for each 1 percent of tax assessed. These additional taxes are collected by the state, which distributes the money back to the local jurisdictions monthly. Low-income taxpayers with a total annual household income of less than $12,000 are permitted a sales
tax exemption for
electricity usage.
Sales of
alcoholic beverages account for added taxes. A 10 percent supplemental mixed drink tax is imposed on the sale of alcoholic beverages (excluding
beer) at
restaurants. A 4 percent tax is due on the sale of all
mixed drinks (except beer and
wine) sold for "on-premises" consumption. And a 3 percent tax is due on beer sold for off-premises consumption.
Property taxes are assessed on real and personal property; only 20 percent of the values are used as the tax base.
Interstate highways
*
Interstate 30*
Interstate 40*
Interstate 55*
Interstate 430*
Interstate 440*
Interstate 530*
Interstate 540*
Interstate 630United States highways
Major Arkansas state highways
Airports
Little Rock National Airport and
Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport are Arkansas' main air terminals. Limited passenger service is available at smaller airports in
Fort Smith,
Texarkana, Harrison, Hot Springs, El Dorado and Jonesboro.
The current governor of Arkansas is
Mike Huckabee, a
Republican. Huckabee, who had been elected lieutenant governor in a
1993 special election, became governor in
1996 when Governor
Jim Guy Tucker, a
Democrat, was convicted as part of the
Whitewater Scandal. This led to a state "constitutional crisis" when Tucker refused to give up the governor's office for a short period of time, because the
Arkansas Constitution does not allow a convicted felon to be governor of the state. Tucker had been lieutenant governor under
Bill Clinton and had become governor as a result of Clinton's election to the presidency.
Both of Arkansas' U.S. Senators are Democrats:
Blanche Lincoln and
Mark Pryor. The state has four seats in
U.S. House of Representatives. Three seats are held by Democrats—
Marion Berry (
map),
Vic Snyder (
map), and
Mike Ross (
map). One seat is held by the state's lone Republican Congressman,
John Boozman (
map).
The Democratic Party holds
super-majority status in the
Arkansas General Assembly. Republicans lost seats in the State House in 2004. A majority of local and statewide offices are also held by Democrats. This arrangement is extremely rare in the modern
South, where a majority of statewide offices are held by Republicans. Arkansas had the distinction in 1992 of being the only state in the entire country to give the majority of its vote to a single candidate in the presidential electionâ€"
native son Bill Clintonâ€" while every other state's electoral votes were won by pluralities of the vote between the three candidates.
Most Republican strength lies mainly in
northwest Arkansas in the area around
Fort Smith, while the rest of the state is strongly Democratic. Arkansas has only elected one Republican to the U.S. Senate since
Reconstruction. The Arkansas General Assembly has not been controlled by the Republican Party since Reconstruction and is the fourth most heavily Democratic Legislature in the country, after
Massachusetts,
Hawaii, and
Connecticut. Arkansas is also the only state among the states of the former
Confederacy that sends two Democrats to the U.S. Senate and the overwhelming majority of registered voters in the state are Democrats. However, the state is perceived as being socially conservative – its voters passed a ban on
gay marriage, the
Arkansas Constitution protects
right to work, and the state is one of a handful that has legislation on its books banning
abortion in the event
Roe vs. Wade is ever overturned.
In Arkansas, the lieutenant governor is elected separately from the governor and thus can be from a different political party.
Each officer's term is four years long. Office holders are
term-limited to two full terms plus any partial terms prior to the first full term.
Some of Arkansas'
counties have two
county seats, as opposed to the usual one seat. The arrangement dates back to when travel was extremely difficult in the states. The seats are usually on opposite sides of the county. Though travel is no longer the difficulty it once was, there are few efforts to eliminate the two seat arrangement where it exists, since the county seat is a source of pride (and jobs) to the city involved.
The state is the only one with a pronunciation specified by law. Section 105 of Chapter 4 of Title 1 of the Arkansas code
[1] determined in 1881 the official, codified pronunciation of Arkansas: "It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables." The same section states that the variation
are-KAN-sas "is an innovation to be discouraged."
See also : List of Arkansas Governors''See also :
United States presidential election, 2004Public school districts
*
List of school districts in ArkansasCenters of research
*
Arkansas Cherokee Indian Research*
Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center website*
National Center for Toxicological Research websiteColleges and universities
*
University of Arkansas System**
University of Arkansas at Fayetteville**
University of Arkansas at Fort Smith**
University of Arkansas at Little Rock**
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences**
University of Arkansas at Monticello**
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff*Arkansas Baptist College
*Arkansas Tech University
*Central Baptist College
*Harding University
*Henderson State University
*Hendrix College
*John Brown University
*Lyon College
*Ouachita Baptist University
*Philander Smith College
*Southern Arkansas University
*University of Central Arkansas
*University of the Ozarks
*Williams Baptist College
*
Arkansas State University System**
Arkansas State University - Jonesboro**
Arkansas State University - Beebe**
Arkansas State University - Mountain Home**
Arkansas State University - Newport**
Arkansas State University - Marked Tree**
Arkansas State University - Heber Springs**
Arkansas State University - SearcySymbols
The following
state symbols are officially recognized by state law.
*State Anthem:
Arkansas by
Eva Ware Barnett*State Beverage:
Milk*State Bird:
Mockingbird*State Flower:
Apple Blossom
*State Folk Dance:
Square Dance*State Fruit: South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink
Tomato*State Gem:
Diamond*State Historical Song:
The Arkansas Traveler by
Sanford Faulkner*State Historic Cooking Vessel:
Dutch oven*State Insect:
Honeybee*State Mammal:
White-tailed Deer*State Mineral:
Quartz Crystal
*State Motto:
Regnat Populus (The People Rule)
*State Musical Instrument: the
Fiddle*State Rock:
Bauxite*State Soil:
Stuttgart Soil Series*State Songs:
Arkansas (You Run Deep in Me) by
Wayland Holyfield and
Oh, Arkansas by Terry Rose and Gary Klass
*State Tree: Pine
*State Vegetable: South Arkansas Vine Ripe Pink
TomatoThe designation of a variety of tomato as
both the state fruit
and the state vegetable is correct. Standing on both sides of
the long-running controversy, the law recognizes that the tomato is botanically a
fruit, but is a
vegetable in culinary use; thus it is officially both in Arkansas.
Though two other songs are designated as "state songs" (plus a "state historical song" which was the state song from
1949 to
1963), by state law the Secretary of State must respond to any requests for "the state song" with the music of the state anthem,
Arkansas; it was the state song before
1949 and from
1963 to
1987, when it became state anthem and the other songs gained their present status. This is strictly to preserve the status of
Arkansas; all four songs are either
copyrighted by the state itself or in the
public domain.
Famous Arkansans
Politics
*
Dale Bumpers, former
United States Senator and
Arkansas Governor; born in
Charleston, Arkansas.
*
Bill Clinton, former
President of the United States; born in
Hope, Arkansas.
*
Hillary Rodham Clinton, member of the
United States Senate and former
First Lady of the United States; former First Lady of Arkansas.
*
Orval Faubus, fomer
Arkansas Governor.
*
Mike Huckabee, current
Arkansas Governor.
*
Wilbur Mills, powerful former member of the
United States House of Representatives; born in
Kensett, Arkansas.
*
David Pryor, former
United States Senator and original Dean of the
Clinton School of Public Service; born in
Camden, Arkansas.
Business
*
John Harold Johnson, founder of
Johnson Publishing Company. Born in
Arkansas City, Arkansas.
*
Sam Walton, founder of
Wal Mart stores, and one of the world's wealthiest men. Born in
Oklahoma, but created
Wal Mart in 1962, in
Rogers, Arkansas.
Entertainment
*
Joey Lauren Adams, an actress best known for her role in
Chasing Amy, born in
North Little Rock, Arkansas on January 9th,
1968.
*
Glen Campbell, a
Country musician that is most famous for his songs "Rhinestone Cowboy" and "Wichita Lineman". Born in
Delight, Arkansas.
*
Johnny Cash,
Country music legend. Born in
Kingsland, Arkansas.
*
Floyd Cramer, famous
musician most known for his
piano instrumental "Last Date". Born in
Shreveport, Louisiana and raised in
Huttig, Arkansas in 1933.
*
Jimmy Driftwood, famous
Folk Music and
Country Music personality. Born in
Mountain View, Arkansas.
*
Gil Gerard, actor most famous for his role as
Buck Rogers in the TV series
Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, was born January 23, 1943, in Little Rock.
*
Gail Davis, film actress, best know as
Annie Oakley from the 1950's
television series. Born in
Little Rock and raised in
McGehee, Arkansas.
*
Corina Taylor, adult film actress born March 19, 1980, in Little Rock, where she was also raised.
*
Jody Evans, rising
Country Music star. Born in
Arkadelphia, Arkansas.
*
Gauge, adult film actress also known as Paige or Gage. Born July 24, 1980 in
Hot Springs, Arkansas, where she was also raised.
*
John Grisham,
author and
attorney, best known for his books that were later transformed into popular
movies, such as
The Pelican Brief,
A Time To Kill,
The Client,
The Rainmaker,
The Firm and
The Chamber. Born in
Jonesboro, Arkansas.
*
Mark Lavon Helm (also known as Levon Helm), musician. Has played with many rock-&-roll legends, including Ronnie Hawkins and Bob Dylan. He is a founding member of
The Band.
*
Buddy Jewell, a
Country musician born in
Osceola, Arkansas.
*
Alan Ladd, a
film actor most famous for his leading role in
Shane. Born in
Hot Springs, Arkansas.
*
Tracy Lawrence, a
Country musician born in
Atlanta, Texas, raised in
Foreman, Arkansas.
*
Ne-Yo, a
R&B musician. Born October 18th, 1982 in
Camden, Arkansas.
*
Dick Powell, a
film actor,
producer and
director, best know for 1930's films such as
42nd Street and
A Midsummer Night's Dream. Born in
Mountain View, Arkansas.
*
Collin Raye, a
Country musician best known for his songs "Little Rock", and "Love Me". Born in
De Queen, Arkansas.
*
Mary Steenburgen,
Academy Award-winning
film and television actress. Born in
Newport, Arkansas.
*
Billy Bob Thornton, famous
film actor born in
Hot Springs, Arkansas, and raised in
Alpine, Arkansas and
Malvern, Arkansas.
*
Conway Twitty, a
Country music legend. Born in Friars Point, Mississippi, raised in
Helena, Arkansas. Born with the name
Harold Jenkins, he took his
stage name from the towns of
Conway, Arkansas and
Twitty, Texas.
Sports
*
Earl Bell,
1984 Olympic Bronze Medalist in the
Pole Vault; former
World Record holder, member of the
USA Track & Field Hall of Fame. Born in Pennsylvania, raised in
Jonesboro, Arkansas. Attended
Arkansas State University.
*
Lou Brock, member of the
, considered to be the greatest
base stealer of his era. Born in
El Dorado, Arkansas.
*
Paul "Bear" Bryant,
legendary University of Alabama football coach. Born in
Moro Bottom, Arkansas.
*
William Carr, 1932
Olympic Gold Medalist. Born in
Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
*
Maurice Carthon, former
NFL and
USFL running back for the
New Jersey Generals,
New York Giants and
Indianapolis Colts. Member of
Super Bowl XXI and
Super Bowl XXV champion Giants. Current
offensive coordinator for
Cleveland Browns. Former
assistant coach for
New England Patriots,
running backcoach/assistant
head coach for the
New York Jets, offensive coordinator for the
Detroit Lions and
Dallas Cowboys. Coached in
Super Bowl XXXI. Born in Illinois, raised in
Osceola, Arkansas. Attended
Arkansas State University.
*
John Daly,
PGA golf champion. Born in
California, raised from age 5 in
Dardanelle, Arkansas.
*
Jay Hanna "Dizzy" Dean, member of the
National Baseball Hall of Fame. Born in
Lucas, Arkansas.
*
Derek Fisher,
NBA basketball player. Born in
Little Rock, Arkansas.
*
Joe Johnson,
NBA basketball player. Born in
Little Rock, Arkansas.
*
Jerry Jones, owner of the
NFL team
Dallas Cowboys. Born in
North Little Rock, Arkansas and raised in
Rose City.
*
Matt Jones,
NFL football player and 2005 1st round
NFL draft pick to the
Jacksonville Jaguars. Born in
Fort Smith, Arkansas.
*
Al Joyner,
1984 Olympic Gold Medalist in the
Triple Jump. Born in Illinois, attended
Arkansas State University.
*
George Kell, member of the
National Baseball Hall of Fame. Born in
Swifton, Arkansas.
*
Sonny Liston, world Heavyweight champion. Born in Johnson Township,
St. Francis County, Arkansas
*
Mark Martin,
NASCAR race car driver. Born in
Batesville, Arkansas.
*
Sidney Moncrief, retired
NBA star who played for the
Milwaukee Bucks and who set several college records with the
University of Arkansas. Born in
Little Rock, Arkansas.
*
Scottie Pippen, former
NBA legend who played for the
Chicago Bulls championship teams, named as one of the 50 Greatest Players. Born in
Hamburg, Arkansas; attended the
University of Central Arkansas.
*
Kyle Richardson,
NFL punter for the
Cleveland Browns. Member of the 2000
Super Bowl XXXV Champion
Baltimore Ravens. Born in Missouri, attended
Arkansas State University.
*
Brooks Robinson, member of the
National Baseball Hall of Fame. Born in
Little Rock, Arkansas.
*
Jermain Taylor, current undisputed middleweight boxing champion. Born in
Little Rock, Arkansas.
*
Barry Switzer, former head
coach of the
NFL team
Dallas Cowboys. Born in
Crossett, Arkansas.
*
Corliss Williamson, former NBA 6th Man of the Year and member of the 2004 NBA Champion
Detroit Pistons. Lead the Arkansas Razorbacks to the 1994 NCAA title. Now a member of the
Sacramento Kings. Born and raised in
Russellville, Arkansas.
Inventor
*
Freeman Owens, former
World War I combat camera operator, who later perfected the art of putting sound on
film as a pioneer in
cinematography. Born in
Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
Military
*
Douglas MacArthur The supreme commander of Allied forces in the South West Pacific Area during World War II was born in
Little Rock.
*
John Hanks Alexander, the first
African American to hold a regular command position in the
US Armed Forces and the second
African American to graduate from
West Point. Born in
Helena, Arkansas.
*
Maurice L. Britt World War II soldier,
Medal of Honor recipient, and Lt. Governor of Arkansas
*
Wesley Clark Retired Army general, NATO Supreme Commander.
Outlaws
*
Bill Doolin (
1858 â€" August 24,
1896), noted old west outlaw, once member of the
Dalton Gang, and the subject of the rock band the
Eagles song,
Doolin Dalton, was born in
Clarksville, Arkansas.
*
Arkansas Literature*
Ivory-billed Woodpecker, long thought extinct, possibly re-discovered in the Big Woods of Arkansas
*
South Arkansas*
List of Arkansas native plants*
Scouting in Arkansas*Blair, Diane D. & Jay Barth
Arkansas Politics & Government: Do the People Rule? (2005)
*Deblack, Thomas A.
With Fire and Sword: Arkansas, 1861-1874 (2003)
*Donovan, Timothy P. and Willard B. Gatewood Jr., eds.
The Governors of Arkansas (1981)
*Dougan, Michael B.
Confederate Arkansas (1982),
*Duvall, Leland. ed.,
Arkansas: Colony and State (1973)
*Fletcher, John Gould.
Arkansas (1947)
*
Hamilton, Peter Joseph. The Reconstruction Period (1906), full length history of era;
Dunning School approach; 570 pp; ch 13 on Arkansas
*Hanson, Gerald T. and Carl H. Moneyhon.
Historical Atlas of Arkansas (1992)
*Key, V. O.
Southern Politics (1949)
*Kirk, John A.,
Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940-1970 (2002).
*Moore, Waddy W. ed.,
Arkansas in the Gilded Age, 1874-1900 (1976).
*Peirce, Neal R.
The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States (1974)
*Thompson, George H.
Arkansas and Reconstruction (1976)
*Whayne, Jeannie M. et al.
Arkansas: A Narrative History (2002)
*Whayne, Jeannie M.
Arkansas Biography: A Collection of Notable Lives (2000)
*White, Lonnie J.
Politics on the Southwestern Frontier: Arkansas Territory, 1819-1836 (1964)
Primary Sources
*Williams, C. Fred. ed.
A Documentary History Of Arkansas (2005)
*WPA.,
Arkansas: A Guide to the State (1941)
*
Official State website*
Official State tourism website*
Online access to Arkansas County Records*
Facts About Arkansas*
U.S. Census Bureau*
Arkansas Employment Data*
Arkansas Newspapers*
Arkansas State Code (the state statutes of Arkansas)*
Literature of Arkansas*
Arkansas State Facts*
The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture Project
