Asii, Asio, Osii, Asiani etc is the name of a people, believed to be followers of Scythian culture, a section of whom had moved out from Alaivalley during second century BCE under pressure from Ta Yuezhi, and in association with Pasiani and Sacarauloi (Sacae) tribes, they had wrested Sogdiana and western parts of Bactria from the Greeks. The Asii are stated to have been Central Asian people who were celebrated horse-men and were also an expert cavalrymen. Later, a section of this people are believed to have entered the Indian mainland in alliance with the Sakas, Pahlavas etc and setup their respective kingdoms in south-western India in Gujarat/Saurashtra and Malava.
According to Geographika of Greek historian, geographer and philosopher Strabo ( 63 BC/64 BC - c. 24 AD ), GreekBactriana was taken over by nomads like Asii/Asio, Pasianoi, Tokhario and Sakarauloi who had originally come from country from other side of Jaxartes (Central Asia) Writes Strabo: "But the best known of the nomads are those who took away Bactriana from the Greeks, I mean the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauloi, who originally came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes River that adjoins that of the Sacae and the Sogdiana and was occupied by the Sacae. And as for the Däae, some of them are called Aparni, some Xanthii, and some Pissuri. Now of these the Aparni are situated closest to Hyrcania and the part of the sea that borders on it, but the remainder extend even as far as the country that stretches parallel to Aria "(Strabo â€" Geographika, 11.8.1); History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, p 11, (Editors) Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, pp 692,717, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee.. See link: [1];
The prologus XLI of Historiae Philippcae of Pompeius Trogus (Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus), 1st century BC Roman historian, Lost history of Pompeius Trogus år 1 e.Kr also refers to the Scythian invasion of the Greek kingdom of Bactria and Sogdiana---the invaders are described as Saraucae and AsianiHistory and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, p 111, (editors) Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 692, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee. The Saraucae are regarded as Sacarauli and Asiani as Asii or Asio of Strabo History and Culture of Indian People, Age of Imperial Unity, p 111 (editors) Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar; Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 692, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee..
Based on evidence from Indika of Megasthenes (c. 350 BC-290 BC), Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (23 ADâ€"79 AD) also refers to clans like Aseni, Osii (=Asii) and Asoi in his Historia NaturalisPliny: Historia Naturalis, VI.21.8-23.11, List of Indian races but he locates them all in southern side of the Hindukush. Bucephala was the capital of Aseni which stood on Hydaspes (Jhelum) See: Alexander the Great, Sources and Studies, p 236, Dr W. W. Tarn; Political History of Indian People, 1996, p 232, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee. Alexander had named this city after his horse Becephalus when it had died sometime in June of 326 BC after being fatally wounded at the Battle of Hydaspes with king Porus (Paurava) of Punjab. Similarly he refers to Osii and Asio as two other clans among the numerous tribes of upper Indus "Then next to these towards the Indus come, in an order which is easy to follow, the Amatae, Bolingae, Gallitalutae, Dimuri, Megari, Ordabae, Mese; after these the Uri and Sileni. Immediately beyond come deserts extending for 250 miles. These being passed, we come to the Organagae, Abaortae, Sibarae, Suertae, and after these to deserts as extensive as the former. Then come the Sarophages, Sorgae, Baraomatae, and the Umbrittae, who consist of twelve tribes, each possessing two cities, and the Aseni, who possess three cities. Their capital is Bucephala, built where Alexander's famous horse of that name was buried. Hillmen follow next, inhabiting the base of Caucasus (Hindukush), the Soleadae, and the Sondrae; and if we cross to the other side of the Indus and follow its course downward we meet the Samarabriae, Sambruceni, Bisambritae, Osii, Antixeni, and the Taxillae with a famous city. Then succeeds a level tract of country known by the general name of Amanda, whereof the tribes are four in number the Peucolaitae, Arsagalitae, Geretae, Asoi. Many writers, however, do not give the river Indus as the western boundary of India, but include within it four satrapies,--the Gedrosi, Arachotae, Arii, Paropamisadae, making the river Cophes its furthest limit; though others prefer to consider all these as belonging to the Arii." (Megasthenes: Indika FRAGM. LVI. Plin. Hist. Nat. VI. 21. 8-23. 11. List of the Indian Races) [2]. The clan names Osii, Asio and Aseni obviously equate to Asii referred to by Strabo and Asiani as referred to in Historiae Philippcae by Pompeius Trogus. The Aseni, Osii, Asoi living in upper Indus valley in north-west India were none else than the Ashvayana and AshvakayanaKambojas of the Indian texts.
Strabo's statement that the Asii/Asio, Pasianoi, Tokhario and Sakarauloi originally came from country from other side of Jaxartes does not seem a perfect statement so far as the Asii/Asio people are concerned. Scholars like I. P'iankov have rightly observed that the territory through which the displaced nomads had passed was beyond the geographical ken of the Greek writers [3]. Thus, one can understandably see discrepancies in the geographical situations of the Asii/Asio of Strabo and Osii/Asoi/Aseni of Pliny etc. The only clear point in Strabo's statement is that the Sakas of the trans-Jaxartes region also were of the Haumavarga Saka class i.e Amyrgians of the classical writings. The important point to see here is that one should not treat each and every statement of the classical writers as if it were a gospel truth or as if it were a mathematical equation.
Scholars believe that the term Asii/Asio is equivalent to Aswa/Asva and refers to people connected with horse-culture "In Aswa, we have ancient race peopled on both sides of Indus and probable etymon of Asia. The Assaceni, the Ari-aspii, the Aspasians and (the Asii) whom Strabo describes as Scythic race have same origin. Hence Asi-gurh (Hasi/Hansi) and Asii-gard, the first settlements of Scythic Asii in Scandinavia" (see: Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Reprint (2002), Vol I, p 64. Also see: pp 51-54, 87, 95; Vol-2, P 2, James Tod. For Asii = Assi = Asvaka - a tribe connected with Asvas or horses, See also : The Racial History of India - 1944, p 122, Chandra Chakraberty.For Aspasii, Hipasii, see: The Pathans, 1958, pp 37, 55-56, Olaf Caroe.. Other related names for horse-clans are Assacene, Assaceni, Assacani, Hispasii, Aspasii clans (i.e. Kambojas) of Paropamisadae. It appears that the Asii of Strabo's Geographika, or the Asiani of Historiae Philippcae of Pompeius Trogus refers to Kambojas of Parama-Kamboja domain which was the ancientmost habitat of the Kamboja clan. The Mahabharata refers to the Lohas, Parama Kambojas and Rishikas etc'' as a affiliated tribes :Lohan. Parama. Kambojan.Rishikan.uttaranapi ¦¦II.27.25
( See link: [4] ) and places them in transoxian region in Shakadvipa of the Hindu texts India as Known to Panini, p 70, Dr V. S. Aggarwala; The Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, S. Kirpal Singh; See also Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 157, Dr J. L. Kamboja. which is the Scythia of the Classical writers. These Indian names have been mentioned differently by the Greek as well as in the Chinese records. Komdei or Komedes of Ptolemy and of Ammianus Marcellinus apparently translates into the region which has been called Parama Kamboja in Mahabharata See: The Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, pp 59, 91/92, 159, S Kipral Singh; See also: India and Central Asia, 1955, p 25, Dr P. C. Bagchi; Central Asiatic Provinces of Mauryan Empire, p 403, Dr H. C. Seth; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 48-49, 155, 300, Dr J. L. Kamboj; cf: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1961, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; These Kamboj People, 1979, p 355, K. S. Dardi; Sidhant Kaumudi Arthaprakashika, 1966, pp 20-22, Acharya R. R. Pande etc etc.. It is notable that the Indian traditions locate the Lohas, Parama Kambojas and the Rishikas exactly in the same geographical region wherein the Greek writers place the Haumavarga Sacae as well as the Komedes, Homodotes (Asii) etc and the Chinese records place the Sai, Xiuxun etc.
Since the Kambojas had always been celebrated for their horses as well as a cavalrymen, they had alternatively been known also as Asvakas, Aśvayanas, or Aśvakayanas in Indian texts. The Asii/Osii, Asoi/Asio, Asiani or Aseni Other classical names for the same clans are Assacene, Assaceni, Assacani, Hippasii, Aspasii etc. appear to be other classical equivalents for the above Sanskritnicknames by which the Parama Kambojas were also known in general parlance.
Approximate extent of Scythia and Sarmatia in the 1st century BC.
After being displaced from Issyk-kul lake and in their movements to Bactria via Sogdiana and Farganaunder pressure from Ta Yue-chis, the Issyk-kul Sakas (Sakaraulois) had been joined on the way by sections of other Scythiantribes from the intervening regions during their southerly or south-westerly movements to Bactria. In all probability, this included the transoxiana tribes like the Parama Kambojas, Lohas, Rishikas and others. The Sacarauloi appear to be Saca proper from Fargana and beyond. The Parama Kambojas appear to be Asii or Aswa (horse-people) from Alai valley and similarly, the Pasianois were another Scythian tribe from Transoxiana region. Some scholars tend to link the Rishikas with the Tukharas and the latter with the Kushanas and the Ta Yue-chis themselves But, James Tod considers the Asii (Horse-race) as seperate from the Tuchari or Tukhara and equates identifies them variously with Takshac, Tak, Tusta, Tak-i-uk, Tanuk, Tajuk, Tahia etc (Annals and Antiquities, 2002, Vol I, pp 45, 52, 55, 76, 86, 88 etc ). . If one accepts this connection, then the Tukharas or Tusharas ( => Rishikas => Kushanas = > Yue-chis) had controlled the eastern parts of Bactria country (Ta-hia) while the combined forces of the displaced Sakarauloi, 'Asio' (horse people = Parama Kambojas) and the 'Pasinoi' of Strabo etc had occupied its western parts after being dislocated from their original home in Fargana/Alaivalley by the Ta-Yuechis. The Ta-hia of the Chinese records is taken to mean Tukhara/Tokhara which also is believed to have included Badakshan, Chitral, Kafirstan and Wakhan which districts had formed eastern parts of BactriaPolitical History of Ancient India, 1996, Commentary, p 719, Dr B. N. Mukerjee. It is also notable that before its occupation by the Tukhara Yue-chis, Badakshan had formed a part of ancient Kamboja i.e. it was a part of Parama Kamboja country. But after its occupation by the Tukharas during second century BCE, it became a part of Tukharistan. Around 4th - 5th century AD, when the fortunes of the Tukharas finally died down, the original population of Kambojas re-asserted themselves and the region again started to be called by its former name i.e. Kamboja (See: Bhartya Itihaas ki Ruprekha, p 534, Dr J. C. Vidyalankar; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, pp 129, 300 Dr J. L. Kamboj; Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, p 159, S Kirpal Singh). There are several later-time references to these Kambojas of Pamirs/Badakshan. Raghuvamsha, a 5th c Sanskrit play by Kalidasa, attests their presence on river Vamkshu (Oxus) as a neighbors to the Hunas (Raghu: 4.68-70). They have also been attested as Kiumito by 7th c ChinesepilgrimHiun Tsang. Eighth century king of Kashmir, king Lalitadiya had invaded the Oxian Kambojas as is attested by Rajatarangini of Kalhana (See: Rajatarangini 4.163-65). Here, they are mentioned as living in the eastern parts of the Oxus valley as neighbors to the Tukharas who were living in western parts of Oxus valley (See: The Land of the Kambojas, Purana, Vol V, No, July 1962, p 250, Dr D. C. Sircar). These Kambojas apparently were the descendents of that section of the Kambojas who, instead of leaving their ancestral land during second c BCE under pressure from Ta Yue-chi, had rather compromised with the invaders and had decided to stay put in their ancestral land instead of moving to Helmond valley or to the Kabol valley. There is yet another evidence which equates the Kamboja = Tokhara. A BuddhistSanskrit Vinaya text (Gilgit Manuscripts, III, 3, 136, Dr N. Dutt, quoted in B.S.O.A.S XIII, 404) has the expression Satam Kambojikanam kanayanam i.e a hunderd maidens from Kamboja. This has been rendered by Tibetan as Tho-gar yul-gyi bu-mo brgya and in Mongol as To-gar ulus-un yagun ükin. Thus, the proper name Kamboja has been rendered as Tho-gar or To-gar. And Tho-gar/To-gar are Tibetan/Mongolian names for Tokhar/Tukhar. See refs: Irano-Indica III, H. W. Bailey Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1950 , pp. 389-409; see also: Ancient Kamboja, Iran and Islam, 1971, p 66, Dr H. W. Bailey. According to other scholars, it were the Scythian hordes alone (Asii/Asio, Pasianoi, and Sakarauloi) who had put an end to the Greek kingdom of Bactria Cambridge History of India, Vol I, p 510; Taxila, Vol I, p 24, Marshal, Early History of North India, p 50, Dr S. Chattopadhyava.The Tocharios/Tukharas are assumed by some scholars to be Rishikas. Others believe that the Rishikas were a clan of the Ta Yue-chis. Dr J. C. Vidyalankar assumes that Kushanas were Rishikas. If all this is true, then the Tukharas = Rishikas = Kushanas = Ta-Yuechis. Interestingly, Mahabharata attests that the Rishikas were closely allied or affiliated to the Parama-Kambojas.:LohanParamaKambojanRishikanuttaran api:MBH 2.27.25George Rawilson observes that: "The Asii or Asiani were closely connected with the Tochari and the Sakarauli (Saracucse?) who are found connected with both the Tochari and the Asiani"'' (See: The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 6. (of 7): Parthia, by George Rawlinson). [5]). If the Rishikas were Tukharas, then the observation from Rawilson is in line with the Mahabharata (2.27.25-26) statement which also closely allies the Parama Kambojas (=Asii/Asio) with the Rishikas [6] and locates them both in the Sakadvipa..
Based on the syntactical construction of the Mahabharata verse 5.5.15, outstanding Sanskrit scholar Prof Ishwa Mishra states that the Rishikas were a section of the Kambojas
Shakanam Pahlavana.n cha Daradanam cha ye nripah | :Kamboja Rishika ye cha pashchim.anupakash cha ye ¦¦5.5.15
Trans: The kings of the Shakas, Pahlavas and the Daradas, and the Kamboja-Rishikas live in the west in Anupadesa or region. According to A Cunningham, "Kaofu was the appellation of one of the five tribes of the Yuechis or Tochari who are said to have given their names to the town which they occupied towards the end of second century BCE" (The Ancient Geography of India, p 15, A Cunningham). Dr J. L. Kamboj inferes from this statement that the fifth clan mentioned among the Tochari/Yuechis may rather have been a clan of the Kambojas (Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 43, Dr J. L. Kamboj). Sanskrit equivalent of Kaofu is Kabol and name Kabol is anciently connected with the Kambojas rather than the Kushanas or the Tukharas. Thus, if the Kaofu tribe (Kaofu) had indeed moved along with the 'four Yue-chi tribes (i.e Hshiumi, Shuangmi, Hsitun & Tumi) from across the the Hindukush to Kabol valley', then the higher probability is that this Kaofu clan was a Kamboja clan from the Parama Kamboja domain which may have joined or followed the Yue-chis to southern side of the Hindukush in later part of second century BCE ..
Dr H. W. Bailey lists several classes of the Kamboja horses and states that their haya- and javana- breed ( 'swift horse') implies the famous horses of the Farghana breed Ancient Kamboja, in Iran and Islam, 1971, p 65, H. W. Bailey. Praja Bhata, a Kashmiri Sanskrit poet and author of the fourth Rajatarangini, while writing about history of Moghuldynasty in India, addresses emperorBabur as a Yavana king hailing from Kambhoja :Kaambhoja.yavaneshen Vabhore.n vipatitah | :tadaiva hastinapuryamebhrahemo nripeshavra ¦¦ 223
:(Raghu Nath Sinha, Shukarjatrangini tatha Rajatarangini Sangraha: p 110).. Since Vabur (Babur) was native of Fargana (in Kyrgyzstan of Central Asia), this Indian reference seems to extend the Kamboja boundaries i.e the Parama Kamboja domain almost as far as to Fargana. Obviously, the Alai valley, north of Pamirs, had formed important part of Parama Kamboja.
Thus, the foregoing sufficiently proves that the territory of the Parama Kambojas lied in a region beyond Mt Hemodos or Imaos or Himalaya/Hindukush, which region the ancient Sanskrit texts like Mahabharata labels as Shakadvipa and the classical writers like Strabo and Diodorus define it as part of Scythia.
These mixed hordes of Sacarauloi (Sakas), Asii/Asio (Parama Kambojas), Pasianoi etc from Scythia ---i.e. the Scythian invaders of western Bactria, were soon over-powered by Parthian rulers and became their subjects and settled in Drangiana in Helmond valley. This settlement became known as Sakasthana (modern Seistan) after the appellation of the dominant clan i.e Sakas. Later these mixed hordes entered south-western Indian sub-continent via Bolan Pass and spread into Sindhu, Sovira, Gujarat, Rajputana, Malwa, Maharashtra, Punjab, UP and eastern, central and southern India as well.
A section of the Central AsianScythians (under Sai-Wang) is said to have taken southerly direction and after passing through the Pamirs it entered the Chipin or Kipin after crossing the Hasuna-tu (Hanging Pass) located above the valley of Kanda in Swat country Serindia, Vol I, 1980 Edition, p 8, M. A. Stein . Chipin has been identified by Dr Pelliot, Dr Bagchi, Dr Raychaudhury and some others with Kashmir Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 693, Dr H. C. Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; Early History of North India, p 3, Dr S. Chattopadhyava; India and Central Asia, p 126, Dr P. C. Bagchi. while other scholars identify it with Kapisha (Kafirstan) (=in Kamboja) Epigraphia Indica XIV, p 291 Dr S Konow; Greeks in Bactria and India, p 473, fn, Dr W. W. Taran; Yuan Chwang I, p 259-60, Watters; Comprehensive History of India, Vol I, p 189, Dr N. K. Sastri; History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, 122; History and Culture of Indian People, Classical Age, p 617, (ed) Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar. Scholars like Dr E. J. Rapson, Dr L. Petech etc also connect Kipin with Kapisha. Dr Levi holds that prior to 600 AD, Kipin denoted Kashmir, but after this it implied Kapisha. See Discussion in The Classical Age, p 671.. The Sai-Wang had established his kingdom in Kipin. Dr S. Konow interprets the Sai-Wang as Saka Murunda of Indian literature, Murunda being equal to Wang i.e king, master or lord Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, II. 1. XX f; cf: Early History of North India, pp 54, Dr S Chattopadhyaya. , but prof Bagchi who takes the word Wang in the sense of the king of the Scythians but he distinguishes the Sai Scythians from the Murunda Scythians India and Central Asia, 1955, p 124, Dr P. C. Bagch; Geographical Data in Early Puranas, 1972, p 47, Dr M. R. Singh. . There are reasons to believe that Sai Scythians were also a section of Parama Kambojas or Asii/Asio/Asoi Scythians and, king Sai-Wang propbably belonged to the Scythianised Kambojas (i.e. Parama-Kambojas) of the Transoxiana region who had come to settle among his own stock after being evicted from his ancestral Asii country (=Parama Kamboja) located in Scythia or Shakadvipa. Dr B. N. Mukerjee also writes that king Moga or Maues could have belonged to this group of Sai Scythians who had migrated from the Sai (Central Asia) to Chipin See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p fn 13, Dr B. N. Mukerjee; See also: Chilas, Islamabad, 1983, no 72, 78, 85, pp 98, 102, A. H. Dani . ChineseSai could easily be related to the Greek Asii/Asio/Asoi linguistically. Moreover, the Mathura Lion Capital inscriptions attest that the members of the family of king Moga (q.v.) had last name Kamuia or Kamuio (q.v) which Khroshthi term has been identified by scholars with SanskritKamboja or KambojakaCorpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part 1, p xxxvi, see also p 36; Bihar and Orisaa Research Society, Vol XVI, 1930, part III and IV, p 229 etc. . Thus, Sai-Wang and his migrant hordes which came to settle in Kabol valley in Kapisha may indeed have been a section from the transoxianParama Kambojas living in Shakadvipa or Scythian land whom we have equated to Asii/Asio of classical writings Dr Buddha Prakash has identified some of the modern castes of the Punjab with ancient tribes which came from Central Asia and settled in India. Dr Prakash has correctly related the modern Kamboj/Kamboh to the Iranian Kambojas who belonged to the domain of Kumuda-dvipa of the Puranas or the Komdei of Ptolemy's Geography (Political and Social Movements in Ancient Punjab, Dr. Buddha Prakash; See: Studies in Indian History and Civilization, Agra, p 351; India and the World, 1964, p 71, Dr Buddha Prakash; The Kambojas Through the Ages, 2005, p 92, 59/159, S. Kirpal Singh). This was the habitat of the Parama Kambojas referred to in Mahabharata (MBH 2.27.25) and were located in Transoxiana territory in Shakadvipa (Ibid, S Kirpal Singh). Dr Buddha Prakash further states that the people of Soiclan of Punjab are descended from the Sai-Wang (Saka). It is not mere coincidence that modern Kamboj of Punjab have prominent clan names like Soi, Asoi and Sahi/Shahi: See link for Kamboj clan names: [7]. Therefore, the Kamboj clan name Soi can be linked to Sai-Wang as Dr Buddh Prakash has shown. Similarly, Asoi clan of the modern Kamboj can similarly be related to or connected with Asii or Asio of Strabo (See: Strabo XI.8,2.) which clan name undoubtedly represents people connected with horse-culture, which the ancient Kambojas pre-eminently were. The above evidence thus again points to a connection of the Sai/Sai-wang mentioned in Chinese chronicles and the Asii/Asio clan mentioned in Strabo's accounts with the Scythian Kambojas i.e Parama Kambojas..
Scholars identify the Asii/Asio of Strabo as being from the same background as the Scythian Asii who had reached Scandinavia anterior to Christian era Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Reprint 2002, p 55, 51, fn 1, James Tod. It is interesting to observe that the Asii of Scandinavia also seem to be connected with horse-culture and the horse of their war-god is depicted as foaming and sweating after the battle. The Scandinavians also worshipped and venerated the horse Op cit., p 54, James Tod which alludes to their connection with the eastern Asii/Asio i.e the ancient Parama Kambojas, who were also a celebrity in horse-culture and also venerated the horse. In fact the horse was the mainstay or lifeline of the ancient Kambojas (See: Ashvakas; Kamboja Horsemen). A milk white steed was considered a prized thing and an object of veneration and good omen among the Scandinavian Asii Ibid., p 54, James Tod. Mahabharata also specifically indicates that milk-white steeds were an object of veneration and good omen among the ancient Kambojas since prince Sudakshina Kamboja had specifically presented milk-white (shveta) Kamboja steeds to prince Yudhishtra for his royal chariot on the auspicious and ominous occasion of latter's Abhisheka i.e crowning ceremony :Bahliko rathamaharshijjambunadaparishkritam | :Sudakshinasta.n yuyuje shvetaih Kambojajairhayaih ¦¦5:(Mahabharata 2.53.5). Further, the dress of the Scandinavian Asii is said to have been a long and loose robe and they also supported a long and knotted braid at the top of their headAnnals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Reprint 2002, p 55, James Tod.. This may be compared to the long and knotted braid which a section of the Kambojas and the Vasishthas also supported on top right of their head as mentioned in the ancient Vedic custom Laugakshi Gryha-Sutram See: Parsakar Grihamsutram: 2/1/21, Commented by Pt Harihar. See: Wikipedia link: [8]. The peculiar hair styles like that of ancient Kambojas and Vashishthas are also found with the Cossacks and in the more than thousand year old corpses found in marshy areas of Germany.. The list of comparisons like these may be extended further. Thus, there seem to be some reasons to believe that the Scythic Asii clan of Scandinavia may have been a section of the Asii/Parama Kamboja of the Transoxiana who may have slipped further from their abode to northwest Central Asia and later, they may have migrated to Europe and settled in Scandinavia. However, still more evidence may be needed to link the Parama Kambojas to the Asii of Scandinavia.
