Brisbane
Brisbane (
pronounced ) is the
capital and most populous city of the
Australian
state of
Queensland, and is the third largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1.8 million. It is coastal city beside the
Pacific Ocean, and is situated bestride the
Brisbane River on plains between
Moreton Bay and the
Great Dividing Range in
south-eastern Queensland.
Named in honour of
Sir Thomas Brisbane, the city grew from a harsh
penal colony established by
New South Wales at
Redcliffe in 1824. It was chosen as the capital of Queensland when it was proclaimed a separate colony in 1859. The city developed slowly until after
World War II, when it played a central role in the
Allied campaign as the
South West Pacific headquarters for
General Douglas MacArthur. Brisbane staged a successful
Commonwealth Games in 1982 and
World's Fair in 1988. In the new millennium, it is one of Australia's fastest growing cities.
|
High-rise view of part of Brisbane CBD |
The area now known as Brisbane was inhabited before European settlement by the Turrbul and Jagera people whose ancestors originally migrated to the region from across the
Torres Strait. In 1823 an exploration party led by
John Oxley explored
Moreton Bay and sailed up the
Brisbane River as far as
Goodna, some 20 km upstream from what is now
Brisbane central business district.
In 1824, the colonial administration of
New South Wales established a penal settlement at what is now
Redcliffe, on the shores of Moreton Bay. However, the Redcliffe settlement was abandoned after only one year and the colony was moved south to a peninsula on the Brisbane River (today the
Brisbane CBD), which offered a more reliable water supply. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838.
Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony in June 1859 and Brisbane, which was named in honour of
Sir Thomas Brisbane (the, then,
Governor of New South Wales), was chosen as its capital. However, Brisbane was not incorporated as a city until 1902. Over twenty small municipalities and shires were amalgamated, in 1925, to form the City of Greater Brisbane, now known simply as the
City of Brisbane.
During
World War II, Brisbane played a central role in the the
Allied campaign when the AMP Building (now called
MacArthur Central) was used as the
South West Pacific headquarters for
General Douglas MacArthur, the chief of the Allied Pacific forces.
Brisbane staged a successful
Commonwealth Games in 1982 and
World's Fair in 1988. These events in the
1980s were accompanied by a scale of public expenditure, construction and diplomacy not previously seen in the state of
Queensland.
In the decades since, the metropolis has become one of Australia's fastest growing cities through migration from all continents and the Australian states and territories. In the new millennium, it is one of Australia's fastest growing and most
multicultural centres.
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Landsat image of the Brisbane region |
Brisbane city centre is situated in the southeast corner of Queensland, Australia, at a
latitude and
longitude of . The city straddles the Brisbane River, and its eastern suburbs line the shores of Moreton Bay. The greater Brisbane region lies on the coastal plain east of the
Great Dividing Range, although the urban area is dotted by large hills reaching up to 300 metres such as
Mount Coot-tha,
Mount Gravatt,
Whites Hill and
Stephens Mountain. Generally, the city is a low-lying
floodplain and susceptible to severe
flooding. Many suburban creeks also criss-cross the city increasing the risk of localised flooding. This was demonstrated most poignantly in the aftermath of the
1974 Brisbane flood, which occurred partly as a result of "
Cyclone Wanda". Continual non-stop heavy rain had fallen during the three weeks leading up to the flood, which occurred during the
Australia Day weekend (26–27 January,
1974). The flood damaged many parts of the city, especially in the suburbs of
Oxley,
Bulimba,
Rocklea,
Coorparoo and
New Farm. The
City Botanic gardens were also inundated, leading to a new colony of
mangroves to form in the City Reach of the Brisbane River.
The
Brisbane central business district is situated in a curve of a river. Covering only 2.2 square kilometres, it is easily walkable. The central streets are named for members of the
House of Hanover. Streets named after female members (Adelaide, Alice, Ann, Charlotte, Elizabeth, Margaret, Mary) run parallel to Queen Street and Queen Street Mall (named in honour of
Queen Victoria) and perpendicular to streets named after male members (Albert, Edward, George, William).
Brisbane has a lower
inner city population density compared with Australia's two largest cities,
Sydney and
Melbourne, although constant population growth occurring in Brisbane is closing the gap between Brisbane and Melbourne. The lower population density reflects the fact that most of Brisbane's housing stock consists of detached houses. Early legislation decreed a minimum size for residential blocks resulting in few
terrace houses being constructed in Brisbane. Multi residence accommodations (such as apartment blocks) are relative newcomers to Brisbane, with few such blocks built before
1970, other than in inner suburbs such as
New Farm. Pre-1950 housing stock was often built in a distinctive architectural style known as a
Queenslander, featuring timber construction with large
verandahs. The relative cheapness of timber in South-East Queensland meant that until recently most residences were constructed of timber, rather than brick or stone. Many of these houses are elevated on stumps (incorrectly referred to as
stilts), that were originally timber, but are now frequently replaced by steel or concrete.
Overall the city has a density of 379.4 people per square kilometre, which is comparable to that of Sydney. Recently the density of the city and inner city neighbourhoods has increased with the construction of apartments, with the result that the population of the central business district has doubled over the last 5 years.
[Population Growth Australian Bureau of Statistics Accessed October 14, 2005.]Climate
|
The climate of Brisbane as measured and recorded at the Regional Office. |
Brisbane has a typical
subtropical climate with hot,
humid summers and dry, mild
winters. From late Spring through to early Autumn,
thunderstorms are common over the greater Brisbane area, with the more severe events accompanied by large damaging
hailstones, torrential rain and destructive winds.
The city's highest recorded temperature was 43.2 °C (109.8 °F) on the
26 January 1940, while the lowest temperature of 2.3 °C (36.1 °F) was recorded on
12 July 1894 and
2 July 1896 [ABM Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Accessed October 14, 2005.]. Brisbane's wettest day was
21 January 1887, when 465 mm (18.3 in) of rain fell on the city, the highest maximum daily rainfall of any of Australia's capital cities.
Climate Table| | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|
| Mean daily maximum temperature (°C) | 29.4 | 29.0 | 28.0 | 26.1 | 23.2 | 20.9 | 20.4 | 21.8 | 24.0 | 26.1 | 27.8 | 29.1 | 25.5 |
|---|
| Mean daily minimum temperature (°C) | 20.7 | 20.6 | 19.4 | 16.6 | 13.3 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 12.9 | 15.8 | 18.1 | 19.8 | 15.7 |
|---|
| Mean total rainfall (mm) | 159.6 | 158.3 | 140.7 | 92.5 | 73.7 | 67.8 | 56.5 | 45.9 | 45.7 | 75.4 | 97.0 | 133.3 | 1146.4 |
|---|
| Mean number of rain days | 13.1 | 13.5 | 14.5 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 122.0 |
|---|
| Mean number of clear days | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 40.1 |
|---|
| Mean number of cloudy days | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 4.3 | - | Source: Bureau of Meteorology |
|---|
Unlike other Australian capital cities, a large portion of the greater metropolitan area of Brisbane is controlled by a single
local government entity, the
Brisbane City Council. Since the creation of the Brisbane City Council in
1925 the urban areas of Brisbane have considerably expanded past the City Council boundaries.
The City of Brisbane is divided into 26 wards, with each ward electing a Councillor as their community representative. The
Lord Mayor of Brisbane and Councillors are elected every four years by popular vote, in which all residents must participate. The current Lord Mayor of Brisbane is
Campbell Newman, who was elected to the position in
March 2004.
Brisbane City Council is the largest local government body (in terms of population and budget) in Australia. The Council, formed by the merger of twenty smaller councils in 1925, has jurisdiction over an area of 1367 km². The Council's annual budget is approximately $1.6 billion, and it has an asset base of $13 billion [
1].
The Brisbane
metropolitan area now covers parts of several adjoining
local government areas including
Beaudesert Shire,
Caboolture Shire,
Gold Coast City,
Ipswich City,
Logan City,
Pine Rivers Shire,
Redcliffe City and
Redland Shire.
Brisbane's economy has
white-collar and
blue-collar industries, with white-collar industries such as
information technology,
financial services,
higher education and
public sector administration generally concentrated in and around the
central business district and recently established office areas in the inner suburbs. Blue-collar industries such as
petroleum refining, stevedoring,
paper milling,
metalworking and
QR railway workshops tend to be located on the lower reaches of the Brisbane River and in new industrial zones on the urban fringe.
Tourism is an important part of the Brisbane economy, both in its own right and as a gateway to other areas of Queensland.
|
High-resolution aerial view of the inner city |
|
The newly built Queens Plaza |
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Queensland State Government has been developing technology and science industries in Queensland as a whole, and Brisbane in particular, as part of its "Smart State" campaign. The government has invested in several biotechnology and research facilities at several universities in Brisbane. The
Institute for Molecular Bioscience at the
University of Queensland (UQ) Saint Lucia Campus is a large
CSIRO and Queensland state government initiative for research and innovation that is currently being emulated at the
Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Campus at Kelvin Grove with the establishment of the
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI).
Brisbane is also considered one of the major business hubs in Australia. Most major Australian and International companies have either a major or minor contact office in Brisbane. Many
electronics companies also take advantage of the strategic port and airports by choosing to have distribution hubs in the city.
LG,
Panasonic,
Samsung are just a few practical examples.
DHL Global have their Oceanic distribution warehouse located in Brisbane, while
Asia Pacific Aerospace their headquarters.
Australia TradeCoast, the country's fastest-growing economic development area, is a marketing partnership between the Queensland Government, the city of Brisbane, Brisbane airport and its seaport, originally proposed by a UK marketer who had also developed the
Amsterdam Airport Area zone. Geographically, Australia TradeCoast occupies a huge swathe of land around the airport and port. Commercially, the area has attracted a mix of companies from throughout the Asia Pacific region.
Home grown major companies from Brisbane include
Suncorp-Metway Limited,
Flight Centre,
SunSuper,
Orrcon, ,
Donut King,
Wotif.com,
WebCentral,
Mincom Ltd. and
Virgin Blue are headquartered in Brisbane, while the city has regional presences of
Alcan,
Oracle,
Boeing and
Red Hat[Red Hat Asia Pacific Offices Red Hat, Inc. Accessed May 28, 2006.].
Commerce
Brisbane has many
shopping centres in the
CBD.
The
Queen Street Mall has
restaurants, souvenirs and shopping centres, including:
Wintergarden,
Broadway on the Mall,
Queens Plaza,
Brisbane Arcade and
The Myer Centre.
In
Fortitude Valley (also known as 'the Valley'), the Brunswick Street mall has pedestrian markets on Saturday and Sunday mornings, restaurants, cafés and the
Fortitude Valley's Chinatown precinct.
The majority of consumer commerce is generally done within the suburbs of Brisbane, via massive shopping centre hubs which include major departments chains such as
Myer,
Kmart,
Target,
David Jones and
Harvey Norman. There are 4 major shopping centres in Brisbane located in the suburbs of Chermside, Indooroopilly, Mt Gravatt and Carindale. Smaller, yet significant shopping centres are also littered around the other suburbs of the city.
For a full listing of shopping centres in Brisbane CBD, and Brisbane suburbs, see the Brisbane, Queensland section of the
List of shopping centres in Australia article
The population of the Brisbane City is estimated at 971,757 (as of June 2005)
[Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2004-05 Australian Bureau of Statistics]. Brisbane has an estimated urban population of 1.81 million.
Brisbane City Council is the most populous Local Government Area in Australia, due in part to its amalgamated status . Brisbane is claimed to have Australia's highest rate of capital city population growth. The urban population reportedly grew by 11.5% between 1999 and 2004 .
The last Australian Census in
2001 showed that 1.7% of Brisbane's population are of indigenous origins, while 21.0% were born overseas. Approximately 13.5% of households speak a language other than English, with the most common being Chinese, Vietnamese and Italian. The median age across the city is 32 years old.
[Demographic Statistics Australian Bureau of Statistics]Brisbane has multi-campus universities and colleges including the
University of Queensland (A member of the
Group of Eight), the
Queensland University of Technology,
Griffith University and the
Queensland College of Art. Other universities which have campuses in Brisbane include the
Australian Catholic University,
Central Queensland University,
James Cook University, the
University of Canberra, the
University of New South Wales and the
University of Southern Queensland.
Brisbane also has
TAFE colleges including the
Bremer Institute of TAFE,
Brisbane North Institute of TAFE,
Metropolitan South Institute of TAFE and the
Southbank Institute of TAFE. Other independent tertiary education providers include the
Australian College of Natural Medicine, the
Brisbane College of Theology,
QANTM and
Jschool: Journalism Education & Training.
Brisbane is covered under the jurisdiction of
Education Queensland regarding public primary and high schools.
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Brisbane skyline taken from the South Bank Parkland |
Brisbane hosted the
1982 Commonwealth Games and the
World Expo '88.
The
South Bank Parklands established on the former Expo '88 site, is now a lifestyle and entertainment location.
Popular cultureBrisbane has a live music scene. The nightlife includes pubs, clubs and themed bars. There are two main entertainment areas: "The City" (
CBD) and "The Valley" (
Fortitude Valley). Brisbane has produced singers and bands who have performed internationally. The
Popular entertainment in Brisbane article includes information about the nightclub and pub scene, as well as the names of Brisbane pop singers, rock and roll singers and musicians, jazz singers, heavy metal singers, punk singers, and popular musicians, etc.
Classical arts in BrisbaneBrisbane has museums, theatres, performing arts and creative arts. It is the birthplace of opera singers, classical musicians and actors. It has also produced authors, artists and sculptors.
SportBrisbane was traditionally a
rugby league and
Rugby Union city, with the
Brisbane Broncos, who play in the
National Rugby League Premiership, previously being the most-supported team in Rugby League. In Rugby Union, the
Queensland Reds is Queensland's representative team.
The national
Cricket (Queensland Bulls),
Soccer (Queensland Roar FC),
Basketball (Brisbane Bullets) and
Australian rules football (Brisbane Lions) competitions all have Brisbane-based teams.
With the closure of the Milton Tennis grounds in 1994, Brisbane has been without a major tennis facility until Recently. In 2005, a new A$65 million tennis stadium, to be located in the suburb of Tennyson was approved by the State government and in conjunction with Mirvac constructions is to be constructed starting in May 2006, with a completion date scheduled for December 2008.
Brisbane, which is the birthplace of several Australian sportsmen and sportswomen, also hosted the
1982 Commonwealth Games and the
2001 Goodwill Games.
Annual events in BrisbaneAnnual events held in Brisbane are also drawcards for tourists.
* The
Ekka (the Royal Queensland Show) is held each year in August, at the
Brisbane Exhibition Ground (also known as the
RNA Showgrounds).
*
Riverfestival, which includes "River
fire, is held each year in September at
South Bank Parklands and surrounding areas.
*
Warana, (meaning
Blue Skies'), was a former annual event which began in 1961. Warana, which means "Blue Skies", was run each year as a celebration of Brisbane, and was similar in many ways to Melbourne's
Moomba. Warana was changed, in 1996, to a
biennial Brisbane Festival, as a lower key event with a focus on the performing arts.
* Paniyiri festival at Musgrave Park (corner of Russell and Edmonstone Sts, South Brisbane). Paniyiri is held on the first weekend in May.
Historic landmarksFor a listing of articles about Brisbane's landmarks, and also other articles about Brisbane, please click on the above title.
Buildings of historical significanceBrisbane has many important and historical buildings and structures, some of which date back to
colonial times.
The Windmill, (pictured at left), is Brisbane's oldest building. The Windmill, which was originally intended for the grinding of grain, was built by convicts.
The
Shrine of Remembrance, (pictured at right in Ann Street), is Brisbane's main memorial of remembrance to Australia's war dead. The
Shrine of Remembrance has steps leading down to
Anzac Square, where the
Shrine of Memories is located. The
Shrine of Remembrance is located opposite
Central Station in
Ann Street.
Modern buildings of importanceMore recent buildings of importance include the
Queensland Cultural Centre at
South Bank (with the
Queensland Performing Arts Centre,
Queensland Museum,
Queensland Art Gallery,
State Library of Queensland, and soon to be completed
Queensland Gallery of Modern Art).
|
Panorama of South Bank's Cultural Centre |
Close by the Queensland Cultural Centre is the
Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre.
Tourist destinationsBrisbane also has many beautiful gardens and parklands.
Popular with tourists are the rock-climbing cliffs which are located at the southern approach to the Story Bridge at
Kangaroo Point, as well as the more than 27 km of bicycle pathways which line both sides of the river east and west of the city centre. Another new Brisbane attraction is the Story Bridge Adventure Climb
[Story Bridge Adventure Climb]. The Story Bridge is one of only three legally climbable bridges in the world.
Also popular with tourists are the
South Bank Parklands, which are located on the site of
World Expo '88. The South Bank Parklands is famous for firework displays that attract thousands of spectators. Tourists and locals alike frequent the beautiful bougainvillea lined Riverside Walkway at all times of the year and flock to the area during music and arts festivals. Restaurants, Theatres and Beaches make South Bank a great place to spend a day just minutes away from public transport.
Other popular areas for tourism and recreation include the
Roma Street Parkland, the
Brisbane City Botanic Gardens (a colonial era botanic gardens founded in 1855 in the Brisbane CBD), and the
Mount Coot-tha state forest (which includes a lookout over the city), the
Brisbane Botanic Gardens (contemporary
botanical gardens) and also the
Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium. Also popular are
Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary and
Brisbane Forest Park.
|
Panorama of the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens |
As the state capital and largest city, Brisbane has an extensive transportation network which connects the city with other regional centres within Queensland, with other states, and connections to the rest of the world.
Public Transport in Brisbane is provided by bus, rail and ferry services. Bus services are operated by public and private operators whereas trains and ferries are operated by public agencies. The
Brisbane central business district (CBD) is the central hub for all public transport services with services focusing on
Queen Street Bus Station,
Roma Street and
Central railway stations, and various city ferries wharves. Brisbane's
CityCat high speed ferry service, popular with tourists and commuters, operates services along the
Brisbane River and in this regard is unusual among Australian cities. The CityTrain urban rail network consists of 7 suburban lines and covers mostly the west, north and east sides of the city. It also provides the route for an
AirTrain service between the City and
Brisbane Airport (the AirTrain, itself, is owned by a company). Since 2000, Brisbane has been developing a network of
busways to provide faster bus services. "
TransLink", an integrated ticketing system operates across the public transport network. Two major cab companies operate in Brisbane; Yellow Cabs and Black and White Cabs. Both companies offer same rate service (regulated by the government and Taxi Council) and pickup from anywhere in the metropolitan and regional areas of Brisbane via bookings or permanent
cab ranks.
Brisbane is served by several
freeways. The
Pacific Motorway connects the central city with the
Gold Coast to the south. The
Ipswich Motorway connects the city with Ipswich to the west via the southern suburbs, while the Western Freeway provides a connection between Brisbane's inner-west and the outer south-west, connecting with the Ipswich Motorway south of the Brisbane River. The
Bruce Highway is Brisbane's main route north of the city to the rest of the State. The Bruce Highway terminates 1700km away in
Cairns and passes through most major cities along the Queensland coast. The Gateway Arterial Road is a private
toll road which connects the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coasts by providing an alternate route avoiding Brisbane's inner city area. The tollroad crosses the Brisbane River to the east of the city over the
Gateway Bridge. The Gateway arterial connects with Bruce Highway and the Pacific Motorway.
Brisbane's has a local arterial road system which is radial in nature, fanning out from the cenral city area. In some areas of the city it follows the ridges of the rolling hills in the area. Several main road corridors provide access to the CBD from suburban areas in the east, south, south-west, west, north-west and north. Examples of these are Logan Road, Moggill Road, Old Cleveland Road and Gympie Road.
Inner City Bypass, completed in 2001 provides a by-pass between the inner west and the inner east, avoiding the central city area. It connects with the Pacific Motorway via the
Riverside Expressway. Increasing traffic congestion has led the Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman to propose a network of similar by-pass routes under a plan called
TransApex, to serve the city in the form of tunnels and bridges over the Brisbane River. A route signage system of
Metroads exists consisting of the most important arterial roads in metropolitan Brisbane including most motorways, and less important
State Routes.
The Brisbane River has created a barrier to transport. In total there are six road bridges, mostly concentrated in the inner city area. This has intensified the need for transport routes to focus on the inner city. There are also three railway bridges and one pedestrian bridge. A
Green Bridge for use by buses, pedestrians and bicycle bridge is under construction between the University of Queensland and
Dutton Park.
Brisbane's population growth placed strains on South East Queensland's transport system. The State Government and Brisbane City Council have responded with infrastructure plans and increased funding for transportation projects, such as the
South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program. Most of the focus has been placed on expanding current road infrastructure, particularly tunnels and bypasses, as well as improving the public transport system.
Brisbane is served by two main airports.
Brisbane Airport the city's main Brisbane's main airport is the third busiest in the country. It is located north-east of the city centre and provides domestic and international passenger services to major Australian cities as destinations in
Asia,
Oceania, and the
Middle East. The airport also handles freight services and is a base for the
Royal Flying Doctor Service.
Archerfield Airport is located in Brisbane's southern suburbs and is a
general aviation airport. Other smaller general aviation airports are located at
Caboolture and
Redcliffe.
The
Port of Brisbane is on the lower reaches of the Brisbane River and on Fisherman's Island at the rivers mouth, and is the 3rd most important port in Australia for value of goods
[Australian Sea Freight Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services].
Container freight,
sugar,
grain,
coal and
bulk liquids are the major exports. Most of the port facilities are less than three decades old and some are built on reclaimed
mangroves and
wetlands. Historically, Brisbane's port facilities were located as far upstream as the central business district. The economic region near the river's mouth including the port, airport and refineries is known as the
Australia TradeCoast.
See also: *
Brisbane Transport*
CityTrain*
CityCat*
TranslinkNewspapersBrisbane has only one daily newspaper,
The Courier-Mail, and one Sunday paper,
The Sunday Mail, both owned by
News Corporation. Brisbane also receives the national daily,
The Australian, and the
Weekend Australian, in addition to
Fairfax papers
Australian Financial Review, the
Sydney Morning Herald and
The Age.
There are also numerous community and suburban newspapers throughout the metropolitan and regional areas, including
Brisbane News and
City News, many of which are produced by
Quest Newspapers (which is also owned by News Corporation.)
TelevisionBrisbane is served by all five major television networks in Australia, which broadcast from the summit of
Mount Coot-tha. The three commercial stations are
Seven,
Nine, and
Ten, while the two government stations are the
ABC and
SBS.
Briz 31, a community station, also broadcasts in Brisbane. The major networks operate
digital television in the Brisbane area.
Optus,
Foxtel and
Austar all operate PayTV services in Brisbane, via both
Cable and
Satellite means.
RadioBrisbane is serviced by several major radio stations:
The
ABC transmits all five of its radio networks to Brisbane:
*
612 ABC Brisbane, part of the
ABC Local Radio network
*
ABC Classic FM*
ABC NewsRadio*
Radio National*
Triple JOther major radio stations to be broadcast in Brisbane are:
*
4BC*
4BH*
4KQ*
River 94.9*
Family Radio 96.5 FM*
97.3 FM*
B105*
Nova 106.9*
Triple MSee
here for a list of FM broadcasters in the Brisbane area.
In addition to the government and commercial stations above, Brisbane has the following community stations:
4ZZZ,
BayFM 100.3, multicultural
4EB and the radio station for the print handicapped
4RPH,
98.9 FM for the Best Country (it was the first indigenous radio station in a capital city),
101FM (Logan),
4OUR (Caboolture),
997FM (Redcliffe),
Switch 1197 AM,
96.5 FM Family,
4MBS Classic FM 103.7 and
4TAB (betting).
SBS also broadcasts its national radio network to Brisbane.
WorldAudio National Radio 2 transmits on 1620AM (City) and 1629AM (North).
Radio Brisvaani provides a voice to the Indian community with Hindi language service on 1701AM.
Internet TVBrisbane also has a local community Internet TV station,
Raw Audio - online TV for Brisbane Music.
Metropolitan Brisbane is covered with numerous major telecommunications networks.
Brisbane has the largest number of enabled
DSL telephone exchanges in Queensland. An increasing number are also enabled with special hardware (
DSLAMs) which enable ultra high speed
ADSL2+ internet access. The Brisbane CBD also features a complete underground
fibre optics network.
Much of the city is also covered by
Hybrid Fibre Coaxial cable via two major networks provided and serviced by
Telstra and
Optus. These provide both high speed internet as well as
Pay TV services for the bulk of the city's metropolitan area. Both of these providers also host wireless networks with
hotspots within both the inner and suburban areas.
In addition,
Hutchinson,
Telstra,
Optus and
Vodafone all operate both
2.5G and
3G mobile phone networks citywide.
*
List of Brisbane landmarks and other Brisbane articles *
CityTrain*
CityCat*
City of Brisbane*
BrisBites: metropolitan history*
Terra Galleria: Brisbane imageszh-yue:布里斯班
