Casimir Pierre Perier
Casimir Pierre Perier (
October 11,
1777 –
May 16,
1832) was a
French statesman.
Born in
Grenoble, he was the fourth son of a rich banker and manufacturer, Claude Perier (1742-1801), in whose house the estates of
Dauphiné met in 1788. Claude Perier was one of the first directors of the
Bank of France. Of his eight sons,
Augustin (1773-1833),
Antoine Scipion (1776-1821), and
Camille (1781-1844)all distinguished themselves in industry and in politics. The family moved to
Paris after the
revolution of Thermidor (
1794), and Casimir joined the army of
Italy in
1798.
On his father's death he left the army and with his brother Scipion founded a bank in Paris, the speculations of which he directed while Scipion took on its administration. He opposed the ruinous methods by which the
duc de Richelieu sought to raise the war indemnity demanded by the Allies, in a pamphlet
Réflexions sur le projet d'emprunt (1817), followed in the same year by
Dernières réflexions in answer to an inspired article in the
Moniteur.
In the same year he entered the
chamber of deputies for Paris, taking his seat in the Left Centre with the moderate opposition, and making his first speech in defence of the
freedom of the press. Re-elected for Paris in
1822 and
1824, and in
1827 for Paris and for
Troyes, he elected to represent Troyes, and sat for that constituency until his death. Perier's violence in debate was not associated with any disloyalty to the monarchy, and he held resolutely aloof from the republican conspiracies and intrigues which prepared the way for the
revolution of 1830. Under the
Martignac ministry there was some prospect of a reconciliation with the court, and in January
1829 he was nominated a candidate for the presidency of the chamber; but in August with the elevation to power of
Jules, Prince de Polignac, the truce ceased, and on the
March 15,
1830 he was one of the 221 deputies who repudiated the pretensions put forward by
Charles X.
Averse by instinct and by interest to popular revolution he nevertheless sat on the provisory commission of five at the
hôtel-de-ville during the days of July, but he refused to sign the declaration of Charles X's dethronement. Perier reluctantly recognized in the government of
Louis Philippe the only alternative to the continuance of the Revolution; but he was no favorite with the new king, whom he scorned for his truckling to the mob.
He became
president of the chamber of deputies, and sat for a few months in the cabinet, though without a portfolio. On the fall of the weak and discredited ministry of
Jacques Laffitte, Casimir Perier, who had drifted more and more to the Right,
was summoned to power (
March 13,
1831), and in the short space of a year he restored civic order in France and re-established her credit in Europe. Paris was in a constant state of disturbance from March to September, and was only held in check by the premier's determination; the workmen's revolt at
Lyon was suppressed after hard fighting; and at Grenoble, in face of the quarrels between the military and the inhabitants, Perier declined to make any concession to the townsfolk.
The minister refused to be dragged into armed intervention in favor of the revolutionary government of
Warsaw, but his policy of peace did not exclude energetic demonstrations in support of French interests. He constituted France the protector of
Belgium by the prompt expedition of the army of the north against the
Dutch in August
1831. French influence in
Italy was asserted by the audacious occupation of
Ancona (
February 23,
1832); and the refusal of compensation for injuries to French residents by the
Portuguese government was followed by a naval demonstration at
Lisbon.
|
Casimir Pierre Perier's Gravesite in Paris's Pere-Lachaise Cemetery, 2005. |
Perier had undertaken the premiership with many forebodings, and overwork and anxiety prepared the way for disease. In the spring of 1832 during the
cholera outbreak in Paris, he visited the hospitals in company with the
duke of Orleans. He fell ill the next day of a violent fever, and died six weeks later.
His son
Auguste Casimir-Perier (1811-1876) was also a French politician, and his family continued to be prominent in French politics for generations.
*His
Opinions et discours were edited by A. Lesieur (2 vols., 1838); C. Nicoullaud published in 1894 the first part (
Casimir-Perier, député de l'opposition, 1817-1830) of a study of his life and policy; and his ministry is exhaustively treated by
Paul Thureau-Dangin in vols. 1. and ii. (1884) of his
Histoire de la monarchie de juillet.
*For the family in general see E. Choulet,
La Famille Casimir Perier (Grenoble, 1894).
