Deferred gratification
Deferred gratification,
delayed gratification, or
emotional intelligence is the ability of a person to wait for things they want. This trait is critical for life success. Those who lack this trait are said to need
instant gratification and suffer from
poor impulse control.It has also been said that those with poor impulse control suffer from "weak ego boundaries"; which comes from
Sigmund Freud's
theory of personality where the id is the pleasure principle, the superego is the morality or parent principle, and the ego is the reality principle. The ego's job is to satisfy the needs of the id while being conscientious of other people's needs. This is why people who are impulsive are said to have "weak ego boundaries".
The
marshmallow experiment is a famous test of this concept discussed by
Daniel Goleman, an American
psychologist, in his popular work. In the 1960s a group of four-year olds were tested by being given a
marshmallow and promised another, if they could wait 20 minutes before eating the first one. Some children could wait and others could not. The experimenters then followed the progress of each child into adulthood, and demonstrated that those with the ability to wait were more successful in life than those who couldn't.
Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., Peake, P. K. "Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions".
Dev. Psychol. 26(6), 978â€"86, Nov. 1990.
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gratification
