Fars Province
 |
Map showing Fars in Iran |
Fars (
Persian: فارس) is one of the 30
provinces of
Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is
Shiraz. It has an area of 122,400 sq. km. In 1996, this province had a population of 3.8 million people, out of which 42% resided in rural areas and the rest were urban settlers.
Nominally, Fars is the original homeland of the
Persian people. The native name of the
Persian language is
Fārsi or
Pārsi.
Persia and
Persian both derive from the
Hellenized form
Persis of the root word
Pārs.
Fārs is the Arabicised version of
Pars. The Old Persian word was
Pārsā.
The
Zagros Mountains stretch from the northwest to the southeast, dividing the province into two distinct geographical regions. The first is located on north-northwest, while the second is located on the south-southeast of the province, and both are mountainous highlands. According to the latest divisions, the province contains the following counties:
Estahban,
Abadeh,
Eqleed,
Bovanat,
Jahrum,
Darab,
Sepidan,
Shiraz,
Fasa,
Firouzabad,
Kazeroon,
Lar,
Lamerd,
Marvdasht,
Mamasani,
Khonj and
Nayreez.
There are three distinct climatic regions in the Fars Province. First, the mountainous area of the north and northwest with moderate cold winters and mild summers. Secondly, the central regions, with relatively rainy mild winters, and hot dry summers. The third region located in the south and southeast, has moderate winters with very hot summers. The average temperature of Shiraz is 16.8° C, ranging between 4.7° and 29.2° C.
Before
Islam, two main Persian leaders named
Cyrus The Great and
Ardeshir Babakan rose from
Anshan and created the vast dynasties of the
Achaemenids and
Sassanids respectively. Alexander later established many cities in the province as well.
The cities of Fars province put up a firm resistance to the Arabs during the
Islamic Conquest of Iran, particularly in areas around Istakhr. The province however, as well as all of Persia ultimately fell to the conquest.
Fars then passed hand to hand through numerous dynasties, leaving behind numerous historical and ancient monuments; each of which has its own values as a world heritage, reflecting the history of the province,
Iran, and western
Asia. The ruins of
Bishapur,
Persepolis, and
Firouzabad are all reminders of this.
Thus due to the geographical characteristics of Fars and its proximity to the
Persian Gulf, Fars has long been a residing area for different natives and tribes from other parts of the world such as the
Turks,
Semites, and
Aryans who were under the influence of Iranian culture. However, the original tribes of Fars including
Qashqai, Mamasani, Khamseh and Kohkiluyeh have kept their native and unique cultures and lifestyles which constitute part of the cultural heritage of
Iran attracting many tourists.
|
Fars is a colorful place with 715 listed historical attractions according to the Iran Cultural Heritage Organization. |
Shiraz Airport is the main international airport of the province. The cities of Lar and Lamerd also have airports linking them with Shiraz and Tehran and nearby Persian Gulf countries such as the UAE and Bahrain. Shiraz is along the main route from
Tehran to southern Iran.
Agriculture is of great importance in Fars. The major products include cereal (wheat and barley), citrus fruits, dates, sugar beets and cotton.
Fars has major petrochemical facilities, along with an oil refinery, a factory for producing tires, a large electronics industry, and a sugar mill.
Tourism is also a large industry in the province. Many come to see the superb handicrafts such as the silver smithing, marquette and skill-embroidery of
Shiraz; the Giveh weaving of Abadeh; the ceramics in Estahban ; and the rug, jajim (fine carpet made of wool or cotton), and
Gelim (carpet made of goats' hair) of
Firouzabad. The tribal woven rugs, the rose water made in
Firouzabad, the sweets produced in Fasa, and the lime juice and plant essence extracted in
Shiraz are of the highest quality.
Shiraz is also where a famous Persian
ice cream named
faloodeh is made as well.
UNESCO has designated an area in the province, called
Arjan (known as
Dasht e Arjan) as a biosphere reserve.
Fars as homeland of
Achaemenid and
Sassanid Persians, hosts numerous splendid archaeological site, monuments, mosques and gardens.
Pre-Islamic sites*
Pasargadae*
Persepolis*
Palace of Apadana * Ancient city of
Bishapur* Ancient city of
Firouzabad*
Naqsh-e Rostam*
Ghal'eh Dokhtar,
*
Palace of Ardashir, The Palace ruins of Sassanid king
Ardashir IPost-IslamicSee ShirazFars province contains the following major universities:
*#
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences*#
Shiraz University*#
Shiraz University of Technology*#
Islamic Azad University of Abadeh*#
Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan*#
Islamic Azad University of Estahban*#
Islamic Azad University of Eghlid*#
Islamic Azad University of Jahrom*#
Islamic Azad University of Sepidan*#
Islamic Azad University of Shiraz*#
Islamic Azad University of Fasa*#
Islamic Azad University of Firouzabad*#
Islamic Azad University of Kazerun*#
Islamic Azad University of Larestan*#
Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht*#
Fasa University of Medical Sciences*#
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences*#
Shiraz University of Applied Science and Technology*
Christiane Amanpour's father is originally from Sarvestan, Fars.
*
Sibawayh, one of the founders of Arabic grammar, died in Shiraz.
*
Karim Khan, founder of the Zand dynasty.
*
Lotf Ali Khan, the last ruler of the Zand dynasty.
*
Saadi, writer, poet, born and died in Shiraz.
*
Hafez, poet, born and died in Shiraz.
*
Zahra Kazemi, photographer, born in Shiraz.
*
Ladan and Laleh Bijani, famous conjoined twins, born in Shiraz.
* Shāh Shoja', buried in Shiraz.
*
Khwaju Kermani, buried in Shiraz.
*
Mulla Sadra was born in Shiraz.
* Asghar Shekari was born in Shiraz.
*
Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabatabaee was born in Shiraz.
*
Ibn Khafif, a 9th century sage, is buried in Shiraz.
*
Sheikh Ruzbehan*
Meulana Shahin Shirazi*
Junayd Shirazi*
Mohsen Kadivar*
Ata'ollah Mohajerani was a representative of Shiraz in the Majlis.
*
Saeed Emami*
Gholamhossein Azhari*
Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad,
The Báb| Fars: The ancient homeland of Persia. | align="center" colspan="2" روی گفتم که در جهان بنهم
گردم از قید بندگی آزاد
که نه بیرون پارس منزل هست
شام و روم و بصره و بغداد
"I said, turn your path to the greater world,
So I should be free of the chains of slavery.
But I found no place for me outside of Fars,
Not Levant, not Anatolia, not Basra, nor Baghdad."
--Hafez, The Nightingale of Shiraz |
*
Official website of Fars Governorship*
Cultural Heritage Foundation of Fars Province*
Official website of Persepolis*
Fars Chamber of Commerce*
Fars Regional Library of Science and Technology*
Fars Blood Transfusion Organization (in Persian)
*
Fars Province Department of Planing and Management*
Fars Province Department of Education (in Persian)
*
Fars Province Department of Labour (in Persian)
*
Kazeroon Mayor's Office*
Larestan Mayor's Office*
Shiraz Chamber of Commerce*
UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of Arjan*
Fars entries in the
Encyclopædia Iranica
