Fleet Air Arm (RAN)
|
Final approach to HMAS Melbourne |
The
Fleet Air Arm is the operational part of the
Royal Australian Navy responsible for the operation of aircraft aboard ship. The FAA is currently an all helicopter force, operating four separate types of helicopter in both the
anti-submarine warfare and
anti-ship roles.
During the
Second World War, several squadrons of the Royal Navy's
Fleet Air Arm were manned primarily by Australian personnel. Following the war, the Royal Australian Navy determined that it was necessary to have its own air arm. As a consequence, the Fleet Air Arm was formed on
July 3 1947 by order of the
Commonwealth Defence Council to operate aircraft for the RAN. The primary plan was for the purchase of two
aircraft carriers and the aircraft for them, and for the construction of the necessary shore based support facilities.
HMAS Albatross, the former RAAF base at
Nowra in
New South Wales, was commissioned in August
1948 as the FAA's main airbase, while
HMAS Sydney, a former light fleet carrier of the
Royal Navy, was commissioned on
December 16 1948. In her passage from the UK,
Sydney also transported the RAN's first two squadrons of aircraft (805 Squadron with
Sea Furies and 816 Squadron with
Fireflies), forming the 20th Carrier Air Group. A further group, 21st Carrier Air Group, was formed in
1950 through the raising of 808 Squadron with Sea Furies and 817 Squadron with Fireflies.
During
1951 and
1952,
Sydney operated as part of the
United Nations taskforce during the
Korean War. In 1952,
HMAS Vengeance was commissioned as the RAN's second operational carrier, on loan from the Royal Navy.
Sydney continued in her operational role until
1955, when she was replaced by
HMAS Melbourne. The delays in
Melbourne being delivered were due to her being reconstructed with all modern advances (angled flight deck, steam catapault & mirror landing aid), enabling her to operate jets. At that time,
Melbourne embarked the main carrier air wing, with
Sydney, unable to operate jets due to being unmodified, becoming a training ship;
Vengeance was returned to the UK. Also, the FAA took delivery of its first jet aircraft, with
Sea Venoms replacing the Sea Furies. Both ships saw service during the
Vietnam War, with
Sydney utilised as a fast troop transport.
Following the Vietnam War, cutbacks saw
Sydney decommissioned in
1973.
Melbourne continued in service, ultimately operating a mixture of
Skyhawks,
Trackers and helicopters before she too was paid off. The
Liberal government had intended to replace her with
HMS Invincible (planned to be renamed
HMAS Australia), which was due to be purchased from the UK in
1982, and would also have seen the purchase of either
AV-8B Harriers or
Sea Harriers; this sale was cancelled by the British government due to the
Falklands War, with
HMS Hermes offered instead. The defeat of the Liberals by
Labor in the
1983 Federal election led to a decision not to purchase a replacement for
Melbourne. With no aircraft carrier, fixed wing aviation in the RAN ended.
Today, the Fleet Air Arm is responsible for the operation and maintenance of the RAN's helicopter force. Helicopters are operated from the frigates of the
Adelaide and
Anzac classes, and from the RAN's amphibious ships.
Current squadrons
RAN squadrons follow the same numbering system as those of the Royal Navy, with operational units numbered from 800 onwards, and training units numbered from 700 onwards:
*
723 Squadron -
Aerospatiale AS 350BA Ecureuil (Squirrel): 723 Squadron is the Fleet Air Arm's primary helicopter training unit. It is employed as a conversion unit for newly qualified pilots to learn to fly helicopters, and also provides aircraft and crews for ship's flights on the RAN's hydrographic vessels. In addition, 723 Squadron provides the RAN's helicopter display team.
*
805 Squadron -
Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite: 805 Squadron provides Seasprite helicopters for use aboard
Anzac class frigates. Due to technical problems with the aircraft this squadron has not yet reached operational status.
*
816 Squadron -
Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk: 816 Squadron provides Seahawk helicopters for use aboard
Adelaide class guided missile frigates.
*
817 Squadron -
Westland Sea King Mk 50: 817 Squadron is a land based squadron operating the Sea King helicopter in the medium lift role. 817 Squadron also has responsibility for maintaining and operating aircraft on the
Kanimbla class,
HMAS Tobruk and
HMAS Success.
The
Kanimbla class vessels are also capable of operating
S-70A Blackhawk,
CH-47 Chinook and
UH-1 Iroquois helicopters from the Army's
5th Aviation Regiment and regularly train with these aircraft during amphibious exercises.
Current Aircraft
Since
2000, when the last pair of
HS748s were retired, the Fleet Air Arm has been an entirely rotary winged force. Air defence of the fleet is primarily the task of the
Adelaide class guided missile frigates, armed with the
SM-2 Standard SAM; these are supported when possible by the
F/A-18 Hornets of the
RAAF.
The most numerous aircraft is the Sikorsky S-70B Seahawk, with sixteen operated by 816 Squadron; these operate primarily in the
ASW role from the
Adelaide class frigates, but have a supplementary role in search and rescue and troop transport. In
2001, eleven SH-2G Super Seasprite helicopters were purchased to operate from the
Anzac class frigates, which led to the reformation of 805 Squadron (which had been the FAA's last fast jet squadron). If these aircraft reach operational status they will operate primarily in the anti-surface warfare role. The Sea King provides the fleet's medium lift capability, but also performs over the horizon targeting for anti-surface warfare, and search and rescue capability. Prior to
1982, the Sea King was also used in the ASW role from the aircraft carrier
Melbourne. The Squirrel was used in an operational capability aboard the guided missile frigates prior to the purchase of the Seahawk. Now, they are used by 723 Squadron for conversion training, as well as deployment from the RAN's hydrographic vessels.
Future Aircraft
|
A NHI example MRH 90 at the 2005 Australian Airshow |
|
Artist's Impression of F-35 in RAN colours |
The Royal Australian Navy will replace its aging Sea King helicopters with 12 marinised
MRH 90 helicopters by 2010. These aircraft are to be purchased as part a joint Army-Navy helicopter purchase.[
1]
Under current plans the Royal Australian Navy's proposed
multi-purpose vessels will operate six Army or Naval helicopters. While the ships may potentially be capable of operating
F-35B (
STOVL) aircraft the Australian Government does not currently intend to purchase this variant of the F-35 design and the ability to operate STOVL aircraft does not appear to be a criteria in the tender which has been released for the ships.[
2]
*
1917 to 1919**Sopwith Baby: One aircraft only. 1917
**
Sopwith Pup: Two aircraft. 1917-1918
**
Sopwith Camel: Two aircraft. 1918
**Sopwith Strutter: One aircraft. 1918
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Fighter/Attack**
Fairey Firefly**
Hawker Sea Fury**
De Havilland Sea Venom**
McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk*
Other Carrier Borne Aircraft**Supermarine Sea Otter
*
ASW**
Fairey Gannet**
Grumman S-2 Tracker*
Helicopters**
Bristol Sycamore**
Westland Wessex **
Westland Scout**
Bell UH-1B Iroquois**
Bell 206B-1 Kiowa**
Westland Sea King**
Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk**
Kaman SH-2 Seasprite**
MRH 90 (on order, deliveries to be complete by 2010)
**
Eurocopter Ecureuil or (Aerospatiale Squirrel)
*
Land Based Aircraft**
CAC Wirraway**
De Havilland Tiger Moth**
Supermarine Spitfire**
De Havilland Vampire**Auster Autocar J5G
**
Douglas DC-3 Dakota
**
CAC/Macchi MB.326H**
Hawker Siddeley HS.748*
Missiles**
AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile**
AGM-119 Penguin (purchased but not yet in service)
*
Drones/RAVs** GAF Jindivik target drone
*
List of Australian Fleet Air Arm flying squadrons*
Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm*
Navy Aviation Group*
RAN Aircraft*
Fleet Air Arm Association of Australia*
Sea Harriers Down Under
