Ford Duratec engine
The
Duratec is a range of
four,
six and
twelve-cylinder
gasoline engines used in
Ford cars.
Originally there was a 2.5 L
V6 introduced with the
Mondeo. When the
2000 Mondeo was introduced, the 1.8 L and 2.0 L engines became Duratecs too.
Now there are engines of all sizes called Duratec. In
North America, Ford uses the Duratec name on all its
dual overhead cam 4 and 6 cylinder engines. In
Europe, all Ford gasoline engines are called Duratec.
The
Duratec HE is the name used by Ford of Europe for its family of small
straight-4 and
V6 gasoline engines. The family includes 1.8 L and 2.0 L
DOHC 16-valve engines and the 2.5 L V6 (also called the
Duratec 25). European engines are built at the Valencia Engine Plant in
Spain.
The
Focus RS featured a
turbocharged version of the 2.0 L Zetec unit producing 215
bhp (158 kW) and 310 N·m (229 ft·lbf) of
torque, although badged a Duratec-RS.
Focus C-Max and Focus Mk II versions use a
drive-by-wire throttle to improve responsiveness.
The
99P is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in
Dearborn, Michigan. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the
Ford Focus. Output is 110 hp SAE (82 kW) at 5000 RPM with 130 ft·lbf (176 N·m) of torque at 5300 RPM. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum
SOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI
fuel injection, has roller followers, and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic intake manifold.
Another version is used in the
SVT Focus and its European counterpart, the ST170. Based loosely on the US market 2.0 L Zetec, it features a variable intake cam, dual mass flywheel, dual stage intake manifold and other subtle tuning tricks to up the ouput to 170 hp (127 kW) at 7000 RPM with 145 ft·lbf (197 N·m) of torque at 5500 RPM. It is mated only to a German built
Getrag 6-speed transmission which is shares with the Mini Cooper S.
Main article: Mazda MZR engine
Beginning in 2004, Ford dropped the old 4-cylinder
Zetec engines in favor of
Mazda's
MZR design. Thus, 2005 and present Duratec 4-cylinder engines are Mazdas. This includes the 2.0 L
Duratec 20 and 2.3 L
Duratec 23.
Duratec 20
The
993 is a 2.0 L (1988 cc) version built in
Chihuahua, Chihuahua,
Mexico. Bore is 84.8 mm and stroke is 88 mm. It is used in the
Ford Escape and
Focus, in the US, and in the Brazilian
Ford EcoSport and the Ford Focus from Argentina. On the Focus, output is 136 hp at 6000 RPM with 136 ft·lbf of torque at 4250 rpm. There is also a 20E version with
California PZEV emissions which produces 130 hp at 6000 RPM with 129 ft·lbf of torque at 4000 rpm. The compression ratio for both versions is 10:1. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum
DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI
fuel injection, has
4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods, a one-piece cast camshaft, and a cast aluminum or reinforced plastic
intake manifold. It does not have
VVT. The power output is less than the Mazda version which does have VVT.
Duratec 23
The Duratec 23 is a 2.3 L (2261 cc) version of the Mazda-designed Duratec 20. Bore is 87.4 mm and stroke is 94 mm. It has an aluminum engine block with cast iron cylinder liners and aluminum
DOHC cylinder heads. It uses SFI
fuel injection, has
4 valves per cylinder and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and a one-piece cast camshaft.
The
23EW is built in
Chihuahua, Chihuahua,
Mexico for use in the American market
Focus. The ford version does not have VVT, and its output is 151 hp at 5750 RPM with 154 ft·lbf of torque at 4250 rpm. A VVT version of this engine is used on the
Mazda6 producing 160 hp.
The
23NS is built in
Dearborn, MI for the
Ford Ranger and
Mazda B-Series. Output is 143 hp (107 kW) at 5250 rpm with 154 ft·lbf (209 N·m) of torque at 5750 rpm.
Applications:
* 23EW
**
Ford Focus* 23NS
** 2005
Ford Escape/
Mazda Tribute**
Ford Ranger/
Mazda B-SeriesThe
Duratec 23E is a version of the Duratec 23 with California PZEV emissions.
Duratec SCi
The 1.8 L was the first European Ford engine to use
direct injection technology, badged
SCi for
Smart Charge injection. This appeared in the Mondeo in
2003 and is today available on the 2.0 L engine as well as an expected 1.1 L version.
The SCi engines were designed at Ford's
Cologne, Germany facility and are produced there and in
Valencia, Spain. The SCi engine is paired with a specially-designed six-speed
manual transmission.
The
Duratec 8v name is currently used on two totally different engines in the European
Ford Ka and the 2003
Ford Fiesta:
* The 60 PS (59 hp/44 kW) 1.3 L (1299 cc) Duratec 8V is a renamed archaic
Endura-E engine
* The 70 PS (69 hp/51 kW) 1.3 L (1297 cc) and 95 PS (94 hp/70 kW) 1.6 L (1597 cc) Duratec 8V is the Brazilian-built
Zetec-Rocam engine
Main article: Ford Mondeo V6 engine
The 2.5 L and 3.0 L
V6 Duratecs are evolutions of the same design, first used in the
1994 Ford Mondeo. It is a modern aluminum
DOHC V6 with a 60° bank angle. The primary engineering input came from
Porsche, who were developing a similar V6 before selling the engineering to Ford, and
Cosworth, who helped with cylinder head manufacturing.
The
Jaguar AJ-V6 engine is similar but adds
variable valve timing.
Mazda's AJ version also has this feature.
Duratec 25
The
Duratec 25 is a 2.5 L (2544 cc) 60° V6 and was introduced in
1994. It was developed for the
Ford Mondeo and used in the
Ford Contour,
Jaguar X-Type,
Ford Ranger, and others. The Duratec 25 was on the
Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1995 and 1996, and the SVT version made the list for 1998 and 1999.
An
SVT version produced 195 hp (145 kW) and 165 ft·lbf (224 N·m) in
1998. Further improvements were made in
1999 that raised power output to 200 hp (149 kW) and 169 ft·lbf (229 N·m) and were carried over in the
2000 model. The SVT engine was used in the
1998-
2000 Ford Contour SVT.
Bore is 82.4 mm and stroke is 79.5 mm on most 2.5 L Mondeo-derived engines for a total of 2544 cc.
Mazda used the same block and camshaft in their
2000 MPV. However, they reduced the size to 2.49 L to keep under a 2.5 L tax cap in Japan. It was replaced in
2002 with the larger 3.0 L Duratec 30-based Mazda AJ.
Duratec 30
The 3.0 L
Duratec 30 or
Mazda AJ was introduced in 1996 as a replacement for the 232 in³ (3.8 L)
Essex V6 in the Taurus/Sable. It has 2967 cc of displacement and produces between 200 and 240 hp (150 and 180 kW). The same basic engine is used in the
Jaguar S-Type,
Lincoln LS,
Mazda MPV,
Mazda6,
Mondeo ST220 and many other Ford vehicles. It is essentially a bored-out (to 88.9 mm)
Duratec 25 and is built in
Ford Motor Company's
Cleveland, OH #2 plant. A slightly modified version for the
Ford Five Hundred entered production at the
Cleveland, OH #1 plant in 2004.
There are two key versions of the Duratec 30:
*
DAMB - The
Lincoln LS and
Jaguar AJ30 versions have direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) tappets. Output is 232 hp (173 kW) at 6750 RPM with 220 ft·lbf (298 N·m) of torque at 4500 rpm.
*
RFF - The
Taurus/
Sable/
Escape version uses roller finger followers (RFF) instead and produces 201 hp (150 kW) at 5900 RPM with 207 ft·lbf (281 N·m) of torque at 4400 rpm.
The 2006
Ford Fusion,
Mercury Milan, and
Lincoln Zephyr feature a version of the Duratec 30 utilizing
variable valve timing. The engine has an output of 221 hp (165 kW) at 6250 rpm, and 205 ft·lbf (278 N·m) of torque at 4800 rpm.
Mazda's
MZI version adds
variable valve timing, as does Jaguar's
AJ30. Note that the MZI name is also used in Europe on Mazda's version of the Ford
Sigma I4. The 3.0 L, 226 hp V6 used in the
Mondeo ST220 is called
Duratec ST. The 3.0 L, 204 hp V6 in the
Mondeo Titanium is called
Duratec SE.
Main article: Ford Cyclone engine
The
Duratec 35 (code-name
Cyclone) is a new 3.5 L V6 that will appear in fall
2006. It is an all-aluminum engine based on the Duratec 30, and adds
variable cam timing on the intake side, a feature already found on the
Jaguar AJ30 and
Mazda AJ versions of the 3.0.
The new heads relocate all accessory drives to the front of the engine with a flush chain drive, saving space. The new combustion chambers are reshaped as well. A dual-stage
variable length intake manifold, centrally-located
sparkplugs, and a 10.3:1
compression ratio are other features. The Duratec 35 is
ULEV-II compliant and is said to be capable of meeting the
PZEV requirement as well. The dual-stage intake manifold was part of the Duratec 30.
Engine output will eventually exceed 300 hp (224 kW), but will be 265 hp (198 kW) and 250 ft·lbf (339 N·m) at launch, a substantial upgrade in power from the Duratec 30.
The engine is the same exterior size as the Duratec 30, and should be usable in all vehicles currently using that engine and its derivatives. The company expects the engine to be used in one fifth of all Ford products by the end of the decade.
The Duratec 35 will replace the Duratec 30 in some applications (notably the
Ford Five Hundred) by the end of that year, but the Duratec 30 will continue in production.
The Duratec 35 is unique in that it will deliver its 265 hp (224 kW) rating on regular (87 octane) gasoline, giving it at an advantage when compared against its Japanese competitors of similar displacement and power levels.
Main article: Ford Yamaha V8 engine
Ford's 3.4 L
SHO V8 is related to the 2.5 L Mondeo V6. Each cylinder uses the same bore and stroke as the 2.5, but this engine was never officially referred to with the Duratec name.
The 6.0 L V12 used in
Aston Martin cars shares some components with the Duratec family. The engine is custom-built for Aston Martin by
Cosworth Technology and is considered by Ford to be Cosworth's own design.
Aston Martin uses this engine in the
DB7 Vantage,
V12 Vanquish, and
DB9.
These engines will generally are paired with the
CD4E,
MTX-75 and
Durashift gearboxes.
A similar 6.0 L V12 engine developed for the
Ford GT90 prototype was essentially two 3.0 L Duratec V6 units bolted together, but shares little with the Aston Martin design.
=See also=
*
Ford Duratorq engine*
List of Ford engines*
*
Duratec 23 information*
Ford Auto IN (cz)
