Fraser Institute
The
Fraser Institute is a
libertarian think tank based in
Canada. In terms of Canadian political terminology, it is fiscally
conservative and socially
liberal. It is also a registered
charity with the
Canada Revenue Agency. Its mandate is to advocate for competitive markets to better provide for the
economic and social well-being of all Canadians. It is very critical of government spending, high taxes, government deficits, and generally any government action that cannot be supported by Libertarian principles. For example, it supports
free trade, closer integration of the Canadian economy with the
United States,
privatization of government services, and does not support the prohibition of certain drugs, like
marijuana. The Fraser Institute is also skeptical of the need for regulatory action against
global warming since they support prioritization of environmental initiatives and view climate change regulations as having "the potential to impose high costs on Canadian citizens and drastically increase the regulatory state, while providing little or no environmental benefit." [
1]
The institute (named for the
Fraser River) is headquartered in
Vancouver, British Columbia. It was founded in
1974 by
Michael Walker, an economist from the
University of Western Ontario who was the first executive director of the FI. The current director,
Mark Mullins, was the Institute's previous director of Ontario policy studies. As a registered charity in Canada, the Institute must file annual registered charity information returns. In its most recent annual return, the Institute reported having: $10.4 million
CAD in assets, $6.9 million CAD in annual revenue, and $6.9 million CAD in annual expenditures.
Funding
The last year for which financial data is available for is 2004. The Institute reported in its 2004 year-end annual report that it had $6.9 million
CAD in revenues that year. The annual report outlined that 62% of this sum came from
charitable foundations, 25% came from organizations including
corporations, and 13% came from individuals. These percentages amounted to roughly $4.3 million, $1.7 million, and $0.9 million CAD, respectively. In 2004, $2.1 million, or roughly 49%, of funds donated to the Institute by a charitable foundation came from
The W. Garfield Weston Foundation, as per its 2004 registered charity information return with the
Canada Revenue Agency.
Governance
The Institute is governed by a board of trustees. Current members of the board are:
Raymond Addington (chairman),
Hassan Khosrowshahi (vice-chairman),
William Korol (vice-charman),
Mark Mitchell (vice-chairman),
Lorne Abony,
Gordon Arnell,
Charles Barlow,
Sonja Bata,
Edward Belzberg,
Evertt Berg,
Tony Boeckh,
T. Patrick Boyle,
Peter Brown,
Alex Chafuen,
James Chaplin,
Serge Darkazanli,
James Davidson,
John Dobson,
Greg Fleck,
Shaun Francis,
Arthur Grunder,
John Hagg,
Raymond Heung,
Paul Hill,
Stephen Hynes,
David Laidley,
Robert Lee,
Brandt Louie,
David MacKenzie,
William Mackness,
Jim Main,
Fred Mannix,
James McGovern,
Gwyn Morgan,
Mark Mullins,
Roger Phillips,
Herbert Pinder,
R. Jack Pirie,
Peter Pocklington,
Conrad Riley,
Mark Scott,
Anthony Sessions,
William Siebens,
Arni Thorsteinson,
Michael Walker,
Peter White, and
Catherine Windels.
Former members of the board of trustees include:
Barbara Amiel,
David Asper, and
David Radler.
The Institute has attracted some well-known individuals to its ranks, such as founding member
Friedrich Hayek. Former
Conservative Premier of Ontario Mike Harris and
Preston Manning, the founder of the federal
Reform Party, are both senior fellows at the Institute.
According to the
Georgia Straight,
Michael Walker extended an invitation to
US Vice President Dick Cheney to accompany Walker on a fishing trip in
Alberta during October 2005. Due to the
Hurricane Katrina disaster, the
White House postponed Cheney's visit.
Though little known at the time of its founding, the Institute has been a source of controversy since its beginning. It was founded by Walker with a grant from forestry giant
MacMillan Bloedel Limited, at a time when MacMillan-Bloedel was in conflict with the left-wing
NDP government of
British Columbia then led by Premier
Dave Barrett.
Critics of the Institute and other similar agenda-driven think tanks have claimed the Fraser Institute's reports, studies and surveys are usually not subject to standard academic
peer review or the
scholarly method. The accuracy and reliability of the information they produce would therefore often be questioned. However, the Institute's own publications often refer specifically to their own peer review process.[
2][
3] The Institute also dedicates considerable energy and funding to actively promote their findings and their agenda to broadcast and print media, a practice not followed by most research foundations or in the research work of university departments.
For one example, a 2002 study by
Osgoode Hall Law Professor Neil Brooks demonstrated the Institute's widely promoted Tax Freedom Day, described as the date each year when the average Canadian's income no longer goes to paying government taxes, included flawed accounting. The Brooks study demonstrated how the Institute's methods of accounting excluded several important forms of income and inflated tax figures, moving the date nearly two months later in the year.
Fraser Institute supporters respond that some of the FI research, like the
Economic Freedom of the World report, have been used in papers that have been peer-reviewed. [
4] They assert many other advocacy organizations like
Greenpeace also publish research often not peer-reviewed and actively try promote their findings and agenda.
In 1999, the Fraser Institute was attacked by health professionals and scientists for sponsoring two conferences on the
tobacco industry entitled "Junk Science, Junk Policy? Managing Risk and Regulation" and "Should government butt out? The pros and cons of tobacco regulation." Critics charged the Institute was associating itself with the tobacco industry's many attempts to discredit authentic scientific work.
The group has also come under fire from
social conservatives, who feel it is too liberal in matters of social policy. For example, the Institute favors the legalization of
marijuana. Though widely respected for its apolitical stance (the Institute refused to align itself with any political party), this reputation has slipped as the Institute brought into its fold former conservative politicians such as former reform party leader Preston Manning and former Ontario Conservative leader Michael Harris. This reputation for impartiality has further come under question since the appointment of executive director Michael Mullins, a former conservative backroom specialist.
*
Caring For Profit: Economic Dimensions of Canada's Health Care Industry (1987)
*
Privatization: Tactics and Techniques (1988)
*
Waiting Your Turn: Hospital Waiting Lists in Canada series (1990-present)
*
Economics and the Environment: A Reconciliation (1990)
See
Tax Freedom Day - A Flawed, Incoherent, and Pernicious Concept by
Professor Neil Brooks. Retrieved December 11, 2005.
*
Fraser Institute of Canada*
CBC Profile: Fraser Institute* [https://apps.cra-arc.gc.ca/ebci/haip/srch/sec/SrchLogin-e?login=true Canada Revenue Agency registered charity information database: The Fraser Institute]
