Grid illusion
 |
The Scintillating grid illusion |
A
grid illusion is any kind of
grid that deceives a person's vision. The two most common types of grid illusions are
Scintillating grid illusions and
Hermann grid illusions.
The
Scintillating grid illusion is an
optical illusion when dots seem to appear and disappear at the intersections of two lines crossing each other vertically and horizontally. When a person keeps his or her
eyes directly on a single intersection, the dot does not appear. A variation of the Scintillating illusion is the Hermann grid illusion (see section below). In the picture on the right, a person should see white dots turn black and then turning white again very fast. The dots disappear if one is too close or too far from the image.
|
A Hermann grid illusion. Shape position and color contrast converge to produce the illusion of spots at the intersections. |
The
Hermann grid illusion is an
optical illusion reported by
Ludimar Hermann in
1870 while, incidentally, reading
John Tyndall's
Sound. It is very similar to the Scintillating grid illusion.
Like the Scintillating grid illusion, when looking at a grid of black squares on a white (or light-colored) background, one will have the impression that there are "ghostlike" grey blobs at the intersections of the white lines. The grey blobs disappear when looking directly at an intersection.
 |
Another type of Hermann grid illusion. |
The difference between the Hermann grid illusion and the Scintillating illusion is that Scintillating illusions have dots already in place at the intersection, whereas there are no dots already in place at the intersections of Hermann grid illusions. However, since they are so similar, the two names are commonly switched around.
The effect of the optical illusion is explained by a neural process called
lateral inhibition. The intensity at a point in the visual system is not simply the result of a single
receptor, but the result of a group of receptors called a
receptive field.
In the center of the receptive field, the receptors act
excitatory on the resulting signal, and the receptors in the surrounding area act
inhibitory on the signal. Thus, since a point at an intersection is surrounded by more intensity than a point at the middle of a line, the intersection appears darker. In a person's eyes, the nerve cells of the retina associate and interact with each other, which results in the illusion that there are dots, when there really aren't.
This explanation has recently been successfully challenged by Janos Geier (see the
interactive counter example).
*
Refutation of classical explanation of Hermann Grid Illusion*
Scintillating Grid Illusion â€" Mathworld*
Giant grid
