Jinmeiyo kanji
The
jinmeiyō kanji (人名"漢字) are a set of 983
kanji known as the "name kanji" in
English. They are a supplementary set of
characters which can be used in registered names, despite not being in the set of "commonly used characters" (
jōyō kanji). As a rule, characters for registered names must be jōyō kanji, jinmeiyō kanji,
katakana or
hiragana (excluding
hentaigana).
A ministerial decree of
1946 limited the number of "official" kanji to the 1850
tōyō kanji. Only kanji on this list were acceptable as registered names, despite the fact that it excluded many kanji frequently used in names up to that point. However, on
May 25,
1951, the cabinet extended the set of characters usable as names by specifying the first 90 jinmeiyō kanji.
Over the years, the Minister of Justice has increased the number of name kanji, and has a plan for further addition in response to requests from parents. As of
September 27,
2004, there were 983 kanji authorized for the names of people.
In
Japan, name kanji are taught at the junior-high level, and mastery of the name kanji are required to achieve Level 2 of the
Kanji kentei Japanese proficiency test.
Before
September 27,
2004, there were 2232 government-designated jinmeiyō kanji used in personal and geographical names, with plans to increase this list by 578 kanji in the near future. This was the largest increase since
World War II. The plan had not been without controversy, however. For example, the
Chinese characters for "
cancer", "
hemorrhoids", "
corpse" and "excrement", as well as parts of compound words (words created from two or more Chinese characters) meaning "curse", "
prostitute", and "
rape", are among the proposed additions to the list. This is because no measures were taken to determine the appropriateness of the kanji proposed, with the committee deciding that parents could make such decisions themselves. However, the government will seek input from the public before approving the list. (There is also some speculation that the "odd" kanji being added to the names list are being done so in an attempt to make a de-facto expansion of the Jōyō Kanji List, rather than with the serious idea that anyone will use them in names. The idea of reducing the number of kanji in use has been a politically contentious issue, with many conservatives believing that kanji are culturally Japanese and that people should use them frequently.)
Separated by year of introduction.
Publication of first 90 characters of jinmeiyō; kanji.
丑 丞 乃 之 也 亘 亥 亦 亨 亮 伊 匡 卯 只 吾 呂 " 嘉 圭 奈 宏 寅 巌 巳 庄 弘 弥 彦 悌 敦 昌 晃 晋 智 暢 朋 桂 桐 楠 橘 欣 欽 毅 浩 淳 熊 爾 猪 玲 琢 瑞 睦 磯 祐 禄 禎 " 穣 綾 惣 聡 肇 胤 艶 " 藤 蘭 虎 蝶 " 辰 郁 酉 錦 鎌 靖 須 馨 ' 鯉 鯛 鶴 鹿 麿 亀
Seven of them were transferred in the
jōyō kanji : 仙 尚 杉 " 磨 斉 龍 (the last became 竜)
Addition of 28
kanji for a total of 120 characters.
佑 允 冴 喬 怜 旭 杏 " 梢 梨 沙 渚 瑠 瞳 紗 紘 絢 翠 耶 芙 茜 藍 那 阿 隼 鮎 葵
One was transferred in the
jōyō kanji : 悠
Introduction of the
jōyō kanji, subtraction of 8
kanji (since added in the
jōyō kanji) and addition of 54
kanji for a total of 166 characters.
伍 伶 侑 尭 孟 峻 嵩 嶺 巴 彬 惇 惟 慧 斐 旦 昂 李 栗 " 槙 汐 洵 洸 渥 瑛 瑶 ' " " 眸 矩 碧 笹 緋 " 脩 苑 茉 莉 萌 萩 " 蕗 虹 ' 赳 迪 遥 遼 霞 頌 駿 鳩 鷹
Addition of 118
kanji for a total of 284 characters.
伎 伽 侃 倖 倭 偲 冶 凌 凜 凪 捺 於 旺 昴 晏 晟 晨 暉 曙 " 凱 勁 叡 叶 " 啄 奎 媛 嬉 宥 崚 嵐 嵯 巽 彗 彪 恕 憧 拳 捷 杜 柊 柚 柾 栞 梧 椋 椎 椰 椿 楊 榛 槻 樺 檀 毬 汀 汰 洲 湧 滉 漱 澪 熙 燎 燦 燿 爽 玖 琳 瑚 瑳 皐 眉 瞭 碩 秦 稀 稜 竣 笙 紬 絃 綜 綸 綺 耀 胡 舜 芹 茄 茅 莞 菖 菫 '" ' " 蕉 衿 袈 裟 詢 誼 諄 邑 醇 采 雛 鞠 颯 魁 鳳 鴻 鵬 麟 黎 黛
Addition of 1
kanji for a total of 285 characters.
琉
Addition of 1
kanji for a total of 286 characters.
曽
Addition of 1
kanji for a total of 287 characters,
獅
Addition of 3
kanji for a total of 290 characters.
毘 瀧 駕
No addition to the jinmeiyō kanji was made on this date, but a plan was put forward that proposed 578 additions. It was proposed to the council on jinmeiyō kanji of the legislative council of the Ministry of Justice. The list included certain characters that were in strong demand by parents to use in their children's names, such as 苺 (
Ichigo: "strawberry"), 遥 (
Haruka, "distant"), 煌 (
Akira, "scintillating"), 牙 (
Kiba, "fang"). Many others were included not for their potential use in a name (as was noted) but rather for their frequency of use and the ease of reading and writing them: 糞 (
Kuso, "excrement"), 呪 (
Noroi, "curse"), 屍 (
Shikabane, "corpse"), 癌 (
Gan, "cancer"). At this same council, it was decided to offer the chance until
July 9, 2004 to propose characters to be included or excluded from the final report on the website of the Ministry of Justice.
No addition was made. After sharp protests, the council decided to withdraw nine characters of the 489 which had received requests for withdrawal. Those nine characters were: 糞 (see above), 呪 (see above), 屍 (see above), 癌 (see above), 姦 (
kashimashii "rape, seduction"), 淫 (
midara, "obscene"), 怨 (
urami, "resentment"), " (
shimogasa "haemarroids"), 妾 (
sobame, "concubine").
The 480 other characters still remain under consideration for withdrawal. One additional character was included, namely 掬 (
kiku, "to draw up water with one's hands").
488 characters and 205 variant forms were added, bringing the total number of the jinmeiyō kanji to 983.
List of characters tolerated in names. The majority are versions that are not simplified (thus antiquated) from those which are officially authorized.
Kanji coming from the jōyō kanji
亞（亜） 惡（悪） 爲（為） 逸（逸） 衞（衛） '（謁） 緣（縁） 應（応） 櫻（桜） 奧（奥） 橫（横） 溫（温） 價（価） 祸（禍）祉（"） 海（海） 壞（壊） 懷（懐） 樂（楽） 渴（渇） 卷（巻） 陷（陥） 寬（寛） 漢（漢） 氣（気） 祈（祈） 器（器） 僞（偽）戲（戯） 虛（虚） 峽（峡） 狹（狭） 響（響） 曉（暁） 勤（勤） 謹（謹） 勳（勲） 薰（薫） 惠（恵） 揭（掲） 鷄（鶏） 藝（芸）"（'） 縣（県） 儉（倹） 劍（剣） 險（険） 圈（圏） 檢（検） 顯（顕） 驗（"） 嚴（厳） 廣（広） 恆（'） 黃（黄） 國（国）黑（'） 穀（穀） 碎（砕） 雜（雑） 祉（祉） 視（視） '（児） 濕（湿） 社（社） 者（者） 煮（煮） 壽（寿） "（収） 臭（臭）從（"） 澁（渋） 獸（獣） 縱（縦） 祝（祝） 暑（暑） 署（署） 緖（'） 諸（諸） 敍（叙） 將（将） 祥（祥） 涉（渉） '（焼）獎（奨） 條（条） 狀（状） 乘（乗） 淨（浄） 剩（剰） 疊（畳） 孃（嬢） "（譲） 釀（醸） 神（神） 眞（真） 寢（寝） 愼（慎）盡（尽） 粹（粋） 醉（"） 穗（穂） 瀨（瀬） 齊（斉） 靜（静） "（摂） 節（節） 專（専） 戰（戦） 纖（繊） 禪（禅） 祖（祖）壯（壮） 爭（争） 莊（荘） 搜（捜） 巢（巣） 裝（装） 僧（僧） 層（層） 騷（'） 增（増） 憎（憎） 藏（"） 贈（贈） 臟（"）卽（即） 帶（帯） 滯（滞） 單（単） 嘆（嘆） 團（団） 彈（弾） 晝（昼） 鑄（鋳） 節（著） 廳（庁） 徵（徴） 聽（聴） 懲（懲）鎭（鎮） 轉（転） 傳（伝） 都（都） 燈（灯） 盜（盗） 稻（稲） 德（徳） 突（突） 難（難） 拜（拝） 賣（売） 梅（梅） 髮（髪）"（抜） 繁（繁） 晚（晩） 卑（卑） 祕（秘） 碑（碑） "（"） 敏（敏） 侮（侮） 福（福） 拂（払） 佛（仏） 勉（勉） 步（歩）墨（墨） 飜（翻） 每（毎） 默（黙） 藥（薬） 與（与） 搖（揺） 樣（様） 謠（謡） 來（来） 賴（頼） 覽（覧） 欄（欄） 龍（竜）虜（虜） 綠（緑） 淚（涙） 壘（塁） 類（類） 曆（暦） 歷（歴） 練（練） 鍊（錬） 郞（郎） 朗（朗） 廊（廊） 錄（録）
Kanji coming from the jinmeiyō kanji
亙（亘） 巖（巌） 彌（弥） 渚（渚） 猪（猪） 琢（琢） 祐（祐） 祿（禄） 禎（禎） 穰（穣）
1-500
丑丞串乃之乎也云亘亙 些亦亥亨亮"伊伎伍伽 佃佑伶侃侑俄俠俣俐侶 倭俺俱倦倖偲僅傭儲允 兎兜其冥冴冶凄凌凜凛凧凪凰凱函刹劉劫勁勃 勾匂勿匡廿卜卯卿厨厩 叉叡叢叶只吾吞吻呂" "啄""喬喧喰喋嘩嘉 嘗噌噂圃圭坐尭堯坦埼埴堆堰堺堵塙塞塡壕壬 夷奄奈奎套妖娃姪姥娩 媛嬉孟宏宋宛宕宥寅" 寵尖尤屑岡峨峻崖崚嵐 嵯嵩嶺巌巖已巳巴巷巽巾帖幌幡庄庇庚庵廟廻 弘弛弥彌彗彦彪彬徠忽 怜恢恰恕悌惟惚悉惇惹 惺惣慧憧憐戊或戚戟戴 托按拶拭挨拳捉挺挽掬捲捷捺捻捧掠揃摑摺'' ''''"孜敦斑斐斡 斧斯於旦旭旺昂昊昏昌 昧昴晏晃晄'晋晟晦晨 智暉暢曖曙曝曳曽曾朋"杏杖杜李杭杵枕杷枇 柑柴柵柿柘柊栃柏柾柚 桧檜栞"桂桁栖桐栗梧 梗"梢梛梯桶梶椛梨梁 椅棲椎椋椀楯楚楕椿楠"椰楢楊榎樺榊榛槙槇 槍槌樫槻樟樋橘樽橙檎 檀櫂櫛"欣欽歎此殆毅 毘毬汀汝汐汎汲沙汰沌 "沫洸洲洵洛浩浬淵淳渚渚淀淋渥湘湊湛湧溢 滉溜漱漕漣澪濡瀕灘灸 灼烏焰焚煌煎煤煉熙熊 燕燎燦燭燿爪爽爾'牙 牟牡牽犀狼猪猪獅玖玩珂珈珊珀玲琢琢琉瑛琥 琶琵琳瑚瑞瑶瑳瑠'" """"畏畠畢畿疋疏 瘦皐"眉眸睦瞳瞥瞭矩 砦砥砧硯"碗碩碧磐磯祇祢禰祐祐禄祿禎禎禱 禽禾秦秤稀"稟稜稽穣 穰穿窄窟窪窺竣竪竺竿 笈笹笙笠筈筑箕"箸篇 篠簞簾籾粥粟糊紘紗紐
501-600
絃紬絆絢綺綜綴緋綾綸 縞徽繫繡纂纏羚羨"翠 耀而耶耽聡肇肋肘肴胤 胡脇脩"腎膏膳臆臥臼 舜舷舵艶芥芹芯芭芙芦苑茄"苺茅茉茨茸茜莞 荻莫莉菅菫菖萄菩萌萠 萊菱葦葛葵萱葺萩董葡 ""'"''''""" """""蕎蕨蕉蕃蕪"
601-700
薙蕾蕗藁薩藤藍蘇蘭虎 虹蜂蜜蝦蝶螺蟬蟹蠟衿 袖袈袴裡裾裟裳襖訊訣 註詣詢詮詫誼諏諄誰' 謂諺諦謎讃豹貌貰貼賑赳跨蹄蹟蹴"輯輿轟辰 辻迂迄辿迪迦這逞逗逢 遥遙遁遡遜遼邑那祁郁 鄭酉酎醇醐'醍醬采釉 釘釜釧'鋸錦錐錆錫鍋
700-750
鍵鍬鎧鎌閃閏閤闇阜阪 阿陀隈隙隼雀雁雛雫霞 靖鞄鞍鞘鞠鞭"頁頃須 頌"頗頰顚颯餅饗馨馴 馳駕'駿驍魁魯鮎鯉鯛
751-760
鰯'鱗鳩鳶鳳鴨鴻鵜鵬
761-770
鶴鷗鷲鷺鷹鹿'"麟麿
771-778?
黎黛鼎亀
Question
What are missing?
*
Inmyongyong chuga hanjapyo
