John Forster
John Forster (
April 2,
1812 –
February 2,
1876), was an
English biographer and
critic.
He was born at
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His father, a
Unitarian who belonged to the junior branch of a
Northumberland family, was a cattle-dealer. Well grounded in classics and
mathematics at Newcastle
grammar school, John Forster was sent in 1828 to the
University of Cambridge, but after only a months residence he moved to London, where he attended classes at
University College, and entered the
Inner Temple.
His main interests were literary. He contributed to
The True Sun,
The Morning Chronicle and
The Examiner, of which he was literary and dramatic critic; and the influence of his powerful individuality soon made itself felt.
Lives of the Statesmen of the Commonwealth (1836-1839) appeared partly in
Nathaniel Lardner's
Cyclopaedia. Forster published the work separately in
1840 with a
Treatise on the Popular Progress in English History. It obtained immediate recognition, and Forster became a prominent figure in a distinguished circle of literary men which included
Edward Bulwer-Lytton,
Thomas Noon Talfourd,
Albany Fonblanque,
Walter Savage Landor,
Thomas Carlyle and
Charles Dickens.
Forster is said to have been engaged to
Letitia Landon, but the engagement was broken off, and she married George Maclean. In 1843 Forster was called to the bar, but he never practised as a lawyer. For some years he edited the
Foreign Quarterly Review; in 1846, on the retirement of Charles Dickens, he took over the
Daily News; and from 1847 to 1856 he edited the
Examiner. From
1836 onwards he contributed to the
Edinburgh Quarterly and
Foreign Quarterly Reviews a variety of articles, some of which were republished in two volumes of
Biographical and Historical Essays (1858).
In
1848 appeared his admirable
Life and Times of Oliver Goldsmith (revised 1854). Continuing his researches into English history under the early Stuarts, he published in 1860 the
Arrest of the Five Members by Charles I: a Chapter of English History rewritten, and
The Debates on the Grand Remonstrance, with an Introductory Essay on English Freedom. These were followed by his
Sir John Eliot: a Biography (1864), elaborated from one of his earlier studies for the
Lives of Eminent British Statesmen.
In
1868 appeared his
Life of Landor, and, on the death of his friend
Alexander Dyce, Forster undertook the publication of his third edition of
Shakespeare. For several years he had been collecting materials for a life of
Jonathan Swift, but he interrupted his studies in this direction to write his standard
Life of Charles Dickens. He had long been intimate with the novelist, and it is by this work that John Forster is now chiefly remembered. The first volume appeared in 1872, and the biography was completed in 1874.
Towards the close of
1875 the first volume of his
Life of Swift was published; and he had made some progress in the preparation of the second at the time of his death. In 1858 Forster had been appointed secretary to the lunacy commission, and from 1861 to 1872 he held the office of a commissioner in lunacy. His valuable collection of manuscripts, including the original copies of Charles Dickens's novels, together with his books and pictures, was bequeathed to
South Kensington Museum.
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Life of Charles Dickens by John Forster
