July 13
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is the 194th day (195th in
leap years) of the year in the
Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining.
*
982 -
Otto II is defeated in
Calabria by the Saracens,
Pandulf II of Salerno and
Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
*
1174 -
William the Lion of
Scotland, a key
rebel in the
Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at
Alnwick by forces loyal to
Henry II of
England.
*
1558 -
Battle of Gravelines: In
France,
Spanish forces led by Count
Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal
Paul des Thermes at
Gravelines.
*
1573 -
Eighty Years' War: The
Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
*
1643 -
English Civil War:
Battle of Roundway Down - In
England, Lord
Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the
Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the
Parliamentarian Sir
William Waller.
*
1772 -
HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain
James Cook, sets sail from
Plymouth,
England.
*
1787 - The
Continental Congress enacts the
Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the
Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of
slavery.
*
1794 -
Battle of the Vosges between
French forces and those of
Prussia and
Austria*
1822 -
Greek War of Independence:
Greeks defeat
Ottoman forces at
Thermopylae.
*
1832 - The source of the
Mississippi River is discovered, by
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft.
*
1837 - Queen
Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first
Buckingham Palace in
London and is the first
British monarch to live there.
*
1854 - In the
battle of Guaymas,
Mexico, General
Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count
Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
*
1863 -
New York Draft Riots: In
New York City, opponents of
conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in
United States history.
*
1878 -
Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the
Balkans.
Serbia,
Montenegro and
Romania become completely independent of the
Ottoman empire.
*
1900 -
Boxer Rebellion: In
China,
Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling
Boxers.
*
1908 - Women compete in modern
Olympics for the first time.
*
1909 -
Gold discovered near
Cochrane, Ontario.
*
1912 - Leader of the Indian freedom movement and scholar,
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad brought out his noted
Urdu news journal,
al-Hilal.
*
1919 - The British
airship R34 lands in
Norfolk,
England, completing the first airship return journey across the
Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
*
1923 - The
Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above
Hollywood,
Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywood
land " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in
1949.
*
1936 - A heat wave strikes the
Midwestern
United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the
states of
Wisconsin,
Michigan, and
Indiana are all recorded on this date.
*
1941 -
World War II:
Montenegrins start popular uprising against the Axis Powers (
Crnogorski ustanak).
*
1942 -
World War II:
German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in
Gulf of St. Lawrence.
*
1948 - The
Coptic and
Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous
Patriarchate. Five
bishops are immediately consecrated by the
Patriarch of Alexandria, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church, and the successor to
Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops.
*
1973 -
Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the
Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the
Watergate break in.
*
1977 - The
New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
*
1978 -
Ford Motor Company President
Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman
Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
*
1983 - Around 3,000
Tamils were slaughtered by
Sinhalese Buddhist majority in
Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring
Tamil Nadu,
India and a lot found refuge in
Europe and
Canada. This incident, known as
Black July led directly to beginning of
civil war in Sri Lanka.
*
1985 - The
Live Aid benefit concert takes place in
London and
Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as
Sydney and
Moscow.
*
2002 - A lightning strike sets off the
Sour Biscuit Fire in
Oregon and northern
California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km²) when finally contained on
September 5.
*
2005 - Three trains collide in the
Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki,
Pakistan, killing over 150 people.
*
2006 -
2006 Israel-Lebanon-Hezbollah conflict: The
Israeli Air Force drops 3 missiles on
Beirut International Airport, killing 50 people, after
Hezbollah terrorists kidnap two
Israeli soldiers.
*
100 BC -
Gaius Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic (d.
44 BC)
*
40 -
Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman Governor of Britain (d.
93)
*
1527 -
John Dee, English scientist (d.
1609)
*
1579 -
Arthur Dee, English physician (d.
1651)
*
1590 -
Pope Clement X (d.
1676)
*
1607 -
Václav Hollar, Czech-born artist (d.
1677)
*
1608 -
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d.
1657)
*
1770 -
Alexander Balashov, Russian general (d.
1837)
*
1808 -
Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta,
President of France (d.
1893)
*
1821 -
Nathan Bedford Forrest, American founder of the Ku Klux Klan (d.
1877)
*
1841 -
Otto Wagner, Austrian architect (d.
1918)
*
1858 -
Stewart Culin, American ethnographer (d.
1929)
*
1859 -
Sidney Webb - British socialist
*
1864 -
John Jacob Astor IV, American entrepreneur (d.
1912)
*
1882 -
Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (d.
1960)
*
1894 -
Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d.
1940)
*
1896 -
Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (d.
1992)
*
1900 -
George Lewis, American musician (d.
1969)
*
1904 -
JRD Tata Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata Indian Businessman (d.
1993)
*
1913 -
Dave Garroway, American television host (d.
1982)
*
1918 -
Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d.
1955)
*
1920 -
Bill Towers, English footballer (d.
2000)
*
1921 -
Ernest Gold, Austrian composer (d.
1999)
* 1921 -
Friedrich Peter, Austrian poltitician (d.
2005)
*
1924 -
Carlo Bergonzi, Italian singer
*
1927 -
Simone Veil, French politician
*
1928 -
Bob Crane, American actor (d.
1978)
* 1928 -
Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian
mafioso and
pentito (d.
2000)
*
1929 -
Alan Civil, English musician (d.
1989)
* 1929 -
Sofia Muratova, Soviet gymnast
*
1931 -
Frank Ramsey, American basketball player
*
1934 -
Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer,
Nobel laureate* 1934 -
Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
*
1935 -
Jack Kemp, American football player
*
1936 -
Albert Ayler, American musician (d.
1970)
*
1940 -
Patrick Stewart, English actor
*
1941 -
Robert Forster, American actor
*
1942 -
Harrison Ford, American actor
* 1942 -
Roger McGuinn, American musician
*
1944 -
Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
*
1946 -
Cheech Marin, American actor
*
1950 -
George "Pinky" Nelson, American astronaut
*
1951 -
Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor
* 1951 -
Rob Bishop, American politician
*
1954 -
Sezen Aksu, Turkish singer
*
1956 -
Claude Giroux, Canadian midget wrestler
*
1957 -
Phil Margera, Father of
Bam Margera* 1957 -
Cameron Crowe, American film director
*
1959 -
Richard Leman, British field hockey player
*
1961 -
Tim Watson, Australian footballer
*
1962 -
Rhonda Vincent, American singer
* 1962 -
Tom Kenny, American voice actor
*
1963 -
Neal Foulds, English snooker player
*
1966 -
Gerald Levert, American singer
*
1967 -
Benny Benassi, Italian disc jockey
*
1968 -
Robert Gant, American actor
*
1970 -
Calvin Phelps, American artist
* 1970 -
Barry Pinches, English snooker player
*
1972 -
Sean Waltman, American wrestler
*
1974 -
Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
*
1978 -
Sheldon Souray, Canadian hockey player
*
1979 -
Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
*
1982 -
Joost van den Broek, Dutch keyboard player (
After Forever)
* 1982 -
Simon Clist, English footballer
* 1982 -
Christopher Bauman, American wrestler (d.
2005)
* 1982 -
Yadier Molina, baseball player
*
1989 -
Sayumi Michishige, Japanese singer
*
1992 -
Dylan Patton, American actor
*
939 -
Pope Leo VII*
1189 -
Matilda of England, daughter of
Henry II of England (b.
1156)
*
1205 -
Hubert Walter,
Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England
*
1357 -
Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian jurist (b.
1313)
*
1399 -
Peter Parler, German architect (b.
1330)
*
1402 -
Jianwen Emperor of China (b.
1377)
*
1551 -
John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat
*
1621 -
Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b.
1559)
*
1626 -
Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (b.
1563)
*
1628 -
Robert Shirley, English adventurer
*
1629 -
Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b.
1585)
*
1645 - Tsar
Michael I of Russia (b.
1596)
*
1683 -
Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b.
1631)
*
1705 -
Titus Oates, English protestant conspirator (b.
1649)
*
1755 -
Edward Braddock, British general
*
1761 -
Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (b.
1712)
*
1762 -
James Bradley, English
Astronomer Royal (b.
1693)
*
1789 -
Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (b.
1715)
*
1793 -
Jean Paul Marat, French revolutionary (murdered) (b.
1743)
*
1807 -
Henry Benedict Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the throne of England (b.
1725)
*
1889 -
Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (b.
1830)
*
1896 -
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist (b.
1829)
*
1946 -
Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b.
1864)
*
1951 -
Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (b.
1874)
*
1954 -
Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter (b.
1907)
*
1967 -
Tom Simpson, British cyclist (exhaustion) (b.
1937)
*
1974 -
Patrick Blackett, English physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1897)
*
1976 -
Joachim Peiper, German military leader (b.
1915)
*
1980 -
Seretse Khama, first
President of Botswana (b.
1921)
*
1983 -
Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author (b.
1909)
*
1993 -
Davey Allison, American race car driver (b.
1961)
*
2002 -
Yousuf Karsh, Turkish-born photographer (b.
1908)
*
2003 -
Compay Segundo, Cuban musician (
Buena Vista Social Club) (b.
1907)
*
2004 -
Arthur Kane, American musician (
New York Dolls) (b.
1951)
* 2004 -
Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b.
1930)
*
2006 -
Red Buttons, American comedian (b.
1919)
*
Kiribati -
Independence Day, 2nd day (not a holiday)
*
Mongolia -
Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
*
Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
*
Bon Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)
*
BBC: On This Day*
Epic Idiot: On This DayJuly 12 -
July 14 -
June 13 -
August 13 - more
listing of all days
