Lighter
A
lighter is a portable device used to create a flame. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with lighter fluid (usually
naphtha or liquid
butane under pressure), as well as a means of
ignition and some provision for extinguishing the flame, either by depriving it of air or of fuel.
Lighters using naphtha have a wick which is immersed in the fluid and becomes
saturated. This type usually has a fiber packing material which absorbs the liquid to keep it from leaking. They also must have an enclosed top to prevent the volatile liquid from evaporating, and to conveniently extinguish the flame. Butane lighters have a valved orifice that meters the butane as it escapes as a gas.
A spark is created by striking metal against a
flint, or by pressing a button that compresses a
piezoelectric crystal, generating a
voltaic arc. In naphtha lighters the liquid is volatile enough that flammable gas is present as soon as the top of the lighter is opened. Butane lighters combine the striking action with the opening of the valve to release gas. The spark ignites the flammable gas causing a flame to come out of the lighter which continues until either the top is closed (naphtha type), or the valve is released (butane type).
A metal enclosure with air holes generally surrounds the flame, and is designed to allow mixing of fuel and air while making the lighter less sensitive to wind. The high energy jet in butane lighters allows mixing to be accomplished by using
Bernoulli's principle, so that the air hole(s) in this type tend to be much smaller and farther from the flame.
During slow songs at live concerts, particularly
power ballads, concertgoers often wave lighters in the air. This has, however, recently been largely supplanted by waving cell phones.
Most cars are equipped with an
electric cigarette lighter. Its internal heating element becomes glowing orange hot in seconds when the device is activated, and is capable of lighting cigarettes, cigars and
tinder (among other things) on fire.
The lighter's socket doubles as a 12
volt power outlet that can be used to power many small electrical devices. In some newer cars, due to the decreasing popularity of smoking and the popularity of in-car electronics, the lighter has been replaced by a 12 volt power outlet that does not actually function to light cigarettes.
Image:Lighter, metal.jpg|A metal naphtha lighterImage:Feuerzeuge-2.jpg|Various kinds of lightersImage:White lighter with flame.JPG|Disposable lighter with flameImage:Silva Helios rope burner lighter.jpg|A storm-proof piezo-ignited lighter/rope burner*
Match*
Zippo (naphtha type)
*
Société Bic (butane type)
*
Car adaptor*
Ferrocerium*
The art-project LighterHistory.com
