Mi'kmaq
{{ethnic group|group=Mi'kmaq
image= | poptime=40,000 | popplace=Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), United States (Maine) | rels=Christianity, other | langs=English, Mi'kmaq, French | related=other Algonquian peoplesThe Mi'kmaq (also Míkmaq, Mi'gmaq, Micmac or MicMac) are a First Nations people, indigenous to northeastern New England, Canada's Atlantic Provinces, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec. The word Mi'kmaw is the singular form of Mi'kmaq.
Mi'kmaq are self recognized as L'nu - singular form and Lnu'k - plural form.(The Nova Scotia Museum's Mi'kmaq Portraits database).
The Nation has a population of about 40,000 of whom approximately one-third still speak the Algonquian language Lnui'simk (Mi'kmaq Language) which was once written in Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing and is now written using most letters of the standard Latin alphabet.
In the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador October is celebrated as Mi'kmaq History Month and the entire Nation celebrates Treaty Day annually on October 1st.Note: Mi'kmaq names in the table have all been spelled according to a several orthographies; The Mi'kmaq orthographies in use are Hieroglyphs, Rand, Pacifique, and the most recent Smith-Francis, which has been adopted by most of the Mi'kmaq First Nation. (Compare Kespék versus Gespeg).| Community ¦¦ Province/State | Town/Reserve | Est. Pop. | Míkmaq name | | Abegweit First Nation | PE | Scotchfort
Rocky Point, Prince Edward Island|Rocky Point
Morell | ? | Epekwitk | | Acadia | NS | Yarmouth | 996 | Malikiaq | | Annapolis Valley | NS | Cambridge Station | 219 | Kampalijek | | Aroostook Band of Micmac | ME | Presque Isle | 920 | Ulustuk | | Bear River First Nation | NS | Bear River | 272 | L'setkuk | | Buctouche First Nation | NB | Buctouche | 80 | Puktusk | | Burnt Church First Nation | NB | Burnt Church 14 | 1,488 | Eskinuopitijk | | Chapel Island First Nation | NS | Chapel Island | 576 | Potlotek | | Eel Ground First Nation | NB | Eel Ground | 844 | Natuaqanek | | Eel River Bar First Nation | NB | Eel River Bar | 589 | Oqpíkanjik | | Elsipogtog First Nation | NB | Big Cove | 2,720 | Lsipuktuk | | Eskasoni First Nation | NS | Eskasoni | 5,000 | Eskisoqnik | | Fort Folly First Nation | NB | Dorchester | 105 | Amlamkuk Kwesawék | | Micmacs of Gesgapegiag | QC | Maria | 1,174 | Keskapekiaq | | Nation Micmac de Gespeg | QC | Fontenelle | 490 | Kespék | | Glooscap First Nation | NS | Hantsport | ? | Pesikitk | | Indian Island First Nation | NB | Indian Island | 145 | L'nui Menikuk | | Lennox Island First Nation | PE | Lennox Island | 700 | L'nui Mnikuk | | Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation | QC | Listiguj | 3,166 | Listikujk | | Membertou First Nation | NS | Sydney | 1,051 | Maupeltuk | | Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation | NB | Red Bank | 527 | Metepnákiaq | | Miawpukek First Nation | NF | Conne River | 2,366 | Miawpukwek | | Millbrook First Nation | NS | Truro | 1000 | Wékopekwitk | | Pabineau First Nation | NB | Pabineau | 214 | Kékwapskuk | | Paq'tnkek First Nation | NS | Afton | 489 | Paqtnkek | | Pictou Landing First Nation | NS | Trenton | 547 | Puksaqtéknékatik | | Indian Brook First Nation | NS | Shubenacadie | 2,120 | Sipekníkatik | | Wagmatcook First Nation | NS | Wagmatcook | 623 | Waqmitkuk | | Waycobah First Nation | NS | Whycocomagh | 900 | Wékoqmáq |
In 1616 Father Biard believed the Mi'kmaq population to be in excess of 3.000. But he remarked that, because of European diseases, there had been large population losses in the last century.Smallpox, wars and alcoholism led to a further decline of the native population, which was probably at its lowest in the middle of the 17th century. Then the numbers grew slightly again and seemed to be stable during the 19th century. In the 20th century the population was on the rise again. The average growth from 1965 to 1970 was about 2.5 %. | Verification |
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| 1500 | 4.500 | Estimation | | 1600 | 3.000 | Estimation | | 1700 | 2.000 | Estimation | | 1750 | 3.000 | Estimation | | 1800 | 3.100 | Estimation | | 1900 | 4.000 | Census | | 1940 | 5.000 | Census | | 1960 | 6.000 | Census | | 1972 | 9.800 | Census | | 2000 | 20.000 | Estimation | |
The spiritual capital of the Mi'kmaq nation is the gathering place of the Mi'kmaq Grand Council, Mniku or Chapel Island in the Bras d'Or Lakes of Cape Breton Island. The island also the site of the St. Anne Mission, an important pilgrimage site for the Mi'kmaq. The island has been declared a historic site. (CBC)
The name "Quebec" is thought to derive from a Mi'kmaq word meaning "strait," referring to the narrow channel of the Saint Lawrence River near the city site.*Treaty of Watertown
*Bob Newman - radio host and Mi'kmaq
*Elsipogtog First Nation*Bruce G. Trigger (Hrsg.): Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 15. Northeast. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 1978 ISBN 0-16004-575-4
*Harald E. L. Prins: The Mi'kmaq: Resistance, Accommodation, and Cultural Survival (Case Studies in Cultural Anthropology), Thomson Learning, 1996, ISBN 0030534275
*Stephen A. Davis: Mi'kmaq: Peoples of the Maritimes, Nimbus Publishing (CN), 1998, ISBN 1551091801
*Daniel N. PaulWe Were Not the Savages: A Mi'kmaq Perspective on the Collision Between European and Native American Civilizations, Fernwood Pub., 2000, ISBN 1552660397
*William C. Wicken: Mi'kmaq Treaties on Trial: History, Land, and Donald Marshall Junior, University of Toronto Press Inc., 2002, ISBN 0802076653
*Ruth Holmes Whitehead: The Old Man Told Us: Excerpts from Mi'kmaq History 1500-1950, Nimbus Pub Ltd, 2004, ISBN 0921054831
*Rita Joe, Lesley Choyce: The Mi'kmaq Anthology, Nimbus Publishing (CN), 2005, ISBN 1895900042* First Nations Profiles
* Micmac History
* Mi'kmaq History Month
* Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection
* Mi'kmaq Dictionary Online
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