Mortal Kombat (series)
This article concerns the fighting game series and media tie-ins. For the first entry in the series, see Mortal Kombat (arcade game). For the movie based on the series, see Mortal Kombat (film).Mortal Kombat (commonly abbreviated
MK) is a popular series of
fighting games created by
Midway, which in turn spawned a number of related media. It is especially noted for its
digitized sprites (which differentiated it from its contemporaries' hand-drawn sprites), and its mix of bloody and brutal action; its graphic
fatality killing moves led to the founding of the
Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB).
The original
Mortal Kombat was developed as a reaction to the popular
Capcom fighting game
Street Fighter II, with digitized graphics of real game actors as opposed to animated cartoon graphics. The original idea of Mortal Kombat was thought up in 1989 along with storyline and game content, but not put into arcades until 1992 (and game systems). Some say the game's graphic violence was gratuitous, and was only included in order to generate a
public outcry and
controversy that would garner publicity for the game. Although highly controversial, the mix of realism and violence propelled
Mortal Kombat to widespread and historic renown.
Throughout the series, the game was known for its violence and fatalities, for its exotic special moves it featured, as well as a tendency to replace a
hard c sound in its lexicon with a k - hence the name
Mortal Kombat.
Midway created five sequels for the arcade and home systems, each one bloodier, more brutal, and stranger than the last.
Mortal Kombat 4 brought the series into 3D, replacing the digitized fighters of the previous games with polygon models, while
Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance was the first in the series to skip arcades altogether and go directly to consoles, a symptom of U.S. arcade market's dramatic decline. The second-to-last installment in the series,
Mortal Kombat: Deception, was released for the
Xbox and
PlayStation 2 platforms in October 2004 (with a
Nintendo GameCube version released in February 2005 with two exclusive characters:
Shao Kahn and
Goro). Following a gameplay style very similar to the one found on
Deadly Alliance,
Deception also features several new gaming modes, such as a
Puzzle Fighter-like
puzzle game, an
Archon-like
chess game, and an RPG-style quest mode, as well as a suicidal finishing move (Hara-Kiri) for each character, usually performed to prevent the opponent from doing a fatality. A
Sony PSP version of
Deception (named
Mortal Kombat: Unchained) has also been announced, while a future release,
Mortal Kombat: Armageddon, will wrap up the current story continuity and feature almost all the characters that have appeared in the series.
Finishing moves in later games included the Animality (turning into animal to violently finish off the opponent), the Brutality (decimating an opponent into pieces with a long combination of hits or
combo), the Friendship (offering one's opponent a token of friendship), and the Babality (transforming the opponent into a baby). The Babality and Friendship moves were created as a jokey non-violent finishing move, a swipe at the US Congressional Investigation for Violence in Videogames who came down harshly on the
Mortal Kombat games. Purists, fonder of the earlier style, were upset by the introduction of such finishing moves, yet
Mortal Kombat's "purely violent" and dark gameplay was once again implemented after the release of
Mortal Kombat 4.
Moreso than other fighting games at the time, Mortal Kombat was notorious for recoloring certain sprites to appear as different characters. This was most prominent with the series' various
ninja/
assassin characters. Although many of the more popular characters were spawned from these
palette swaps, the sheer oversaturation of the roster with them (to date, eight male ninjas, four female assassins, and three cyberninjas, making a total of 15 repaints, or roughly one-fourth the series' total roster), as well as the fighting game genre's gradual demand for unique looks for all their characters, lead to many fans growing sick of the recolors, and joking about their overuse in the series. Hence, 'ninja syndrome' is a typical complaint among fans to describe any fighting game that has similar-looking or palette swapped characters. However, many Mortal Kombat fans criticized other games for using palette swaps, such as Ken and Ryu (of
Street Fighter), since these characters have almost identical special moves (arguably the most important character diferentiators in terms of gameplay) whereas the Mortal Kombat pallete swaps had radically different special moves, leading to greater strategic depth.
Fighting games
Mortal KombatMortal Kombat IIMortal Kombat 3Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3:
Mortal Kombat AdvanceMortal Kombat TrilogyMortal Kombat 4Mortal Kombat GoldMortal Kombat: Deadly AllianceMortal Kombat: Tournament EditionMortal Kombat: DeceptionMortal Kombat: UnchainedMortal Kombat: Armageddon (to be released on October 9, 2006)
Non-fighting games
Mortal Kombat Mythologies: Sub-Zero: The first in a planned series of
MK spinoff games featuring popular characters from the fighting games.
MKM:SZ, a
platform game, focused on the original
Sub-Zero and his missions just prior to the first
Mortal Kombat.
Mortal Kombat: Special Forces: An
action game also set prior to the first
Mortal Kombat, featuring
Jax's pursuit of
Kano. Originally Sonya was to have starred as well, though she was cut after Tobias left Midway.
Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks: An action game (with a versus-fighting mode as well), starring
Liu Kang and
Kung Lao, telling an alternate version of the events between the first and second
Mortal Kombat. The storyline of
Shaolin Monks is now known to be non-canon. Players could also control
Scorpion and
Sub-Zero as bonus content.
Plot continuity
Every single game in the
Mortal Kombat series features a different ending for every character. Because many endings in a single game will contradict each other, only one or a few per game are considered
canon, and the true endings are never known until the next game is released. The result is that when a new
Mortal Kombat game is released, fans speculate about which ending (or endings) are real.
Nearly every game's canon ending involves the good guys emerging triumphant over evil, except for the release of
Mortal Kombat: Deception, which revealed that Earthrealm's warriors in
Deadly Alliance had failed to prevent Shang Tsung and Quan Chi from resurrecting the Dragon King's army.
Easter eggs and secrets
Mortal Kombat was among the first titles in the fighting game genre to include
secret characters, secret games, and other
Easter eggs.
Mortal Kombat 3, for example, included a hidden game of
Galaxian. Many extras in the series have only been accessible through very challenging, demanding, and sometimes coincidental requirements.
In the 1992 arcade original, when fighting on The Pit stage (the bridge), the player could qualify to fight the hidden character
Reptile, a merge between the Sub-Zero and Scorpion characters... provided that he executed a Fatality, obtained a double flawless and never hit block during the winning round (due to Sonya's fatality combination including the block button, she was allowed to face Reptile on the home ports); moreover, all of the above was useless (with the exception of the SNES version) if shadow figures didn't happen to fly over the background moon, an event decided solely by random logic in the game. In
Mortal Kombat II, Reptile would be developed into a full character with his own special moves and would be available from the outset. The Sega Genesis games had some unique eggs: in
Mortal Kombat, a headshot of President of Probe Software Fergus McGovern flew in front of the moon in
Mortal Kombat's Pit stage, while in
Mortal Kombat II, Raiden could perform a "Fergality" by pressing Back, Back, Back, Block during a fatality on the Armory stage. It was pioneering ideas like these that has made
Mortal Kombat one of the most memorable of the genre.
Another Easter egg actually came about from a rumored glitch. In the original arcade version of the first
Mortal Kombat, a rumor stated that the game would sometimes present problems due to a bug and mix two characters together. This would usually be two of the ninja characters, resulting in a
ninja in a semi-red suit. The computer would display his name as "ERMAC", short for "error macro." As word spread, people thought they had found a secret character. In the game audits, ERMACS will appear on one of the pages, possibly being a stat to either show how many times a player encountered a secret character or a glitch. That wasn't the case, yet in
Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3, it was decided to make an actual
Ermac character. Also, glitch characters occurred should the player accomplish the
very difficult feat of reaching Reptile in Endurance mode in the first
Mortal Kombat. Once Reptile was defeated, the second character would jump down. As Reptile used a special green colour palette, the following fighter (a normal fighter) would be a jumble of the character's original colors plus Reptile's green colors.
However, one of the most fascinating elements of
Mortal Kombat was completely unplanned and out of the programmers' hands. Following the release of
Mortal Kombat II, a myth culture was created around the game. The most famous one is the
Goro myth. In the first game, Goro was a four-armed monster that acted as a
miniboss to the game's main
boss,
Shang Tsung. Many fans were convinced that Goro was hidden somewhere in
Mortal Kombat II and many were obsessed with finding him. Alas, these rumors were later confirmed as untrue. This is reminiscent of
Secret Cow Level in
Diablo.
Some Easter eggs originated from private jokes between members of the
Mortal Kombat development team. The best-known example is "Toasty," which began in
Mortal Kombat II. Developers fell into the habit of yelling the victory cry "Toasted!" (and later, "Toasty!") during the testing phase of development. This joke found its way into the game in the form of a small image of sound designer
Dan Forden, who would appear in the corner of the screen during gameplay and sing the word "toasty." Later games included other jokes that originated in similar fashion;
Mortal Kombat IV had characters uttering strange battle cries such as "That's nacho cheese!" or "I'm gonna throw you over there"(Throughout the series, the character Raiden was notorious for yelling gibberish which people thought were English phrases like "Johnny Bought a Car!" or "I must buy Salt!"). "Toasty" is also found in Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks after pulling off a chain of hits and will appear randomly, but the picture of
Dan Forden will not appear. Pressing the start button during the "Toasty" will also result in the player receiving a 1000 experience points bonus. On rare occasions, in Deception's chess mode, when a player puts a death spell on another, one can hear "Toasty" as well.
Bosses and sub-bosses
Mortal Kombat featured two
bosses. One was a sub-boss (whom you'd have to face before challenging the main boss of the game). The sub-boss of the game was a four armed
Shokan warrior named
Goro. Upon Goro's defeat, the player faced the game's main boss,
Shang Tsung.
Future
Mortal Kombat sequels would continue to use sub-bosses. While most sub-bosses were unplayable monsters like another Shokan, a
Centaur or an
Oni,
Mortal Kombat: Deception broke this trend by placing the tag team of Noob Saibot and Smoke otherwise known as
Noob Smoke as a sub-boss, and the traditional "non-playable monster" was
Onaga, the game's boss character.
Here is the list of bosses and sub-bosses for the Mortal Kombat series:
*
Goro -
sub-boss: MK1, MKT, MK4*
Shang Tsung -
boss: MK1; sub-sub-boss: MKII; sub-boss or boss: MK:DA (It's random to whether Shang Tsung or Quan Chi comes first)*
Kintaro -
sub-boss: MKII, MKT*
Shao Kahn -
boss: MKII, MK3, UMK3, MKT*
Motaro -
sub-boss: MK3, UMK3, MKT*
Quan Chi -
sub-boss: MK4; sub-boss or boss: MK:DA (It's random to whether Shang Tsung or Quan Chi comes first)
*Shinnok - boss: MK4
*Moloch - sub-boss: MK:DA
*Noob-Smoke - sub-boss: MK:D
*Onaga - boss: MK:D
*Blaze - boss: MK:A''
Mortal Kombat was adapted into two major
motion pictures,
Mortal Kombat (1995), and
Mortal Kombat: Annihilation (1997). Both films were not screened for critics prior to theatrical release, and had a poor critical reception at the time they were released, but the first movie was a major financial success, eventually grossing $70 million in the U.S. (and over $125 million worldwide) while jumpstarting the Hollywood careers of
Paul W. S. Anderson and
Robin Shou, among others. Unfortunately, that momentum did not carry over into
Annihilation, which received a colder reception from critics and viewers alike, and took in only $30 million (less than half of its domestic gross) in the U.S. Although it is very unlikely, a third movie,
Mortal Kombat: Devastation, is said to be in production as confirmed officially, and with rumors of its release going back to late 2005, may finally be released by the end of 2007.
The franchise also sparked two
TV series, the 1996
animated series Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm and the 1998-1999 live-action
Mortal Kombat: Conquest. Neither series ran for more than one season (despite the popularity of
Conquest). In 1995, an animated prequel to the first movie, titled
Mortal Kombat: The Journey Begins, was released straight to home video.
There have been several
graphic novels based off
Mortal Kombat. There were official
MK and
MKII comic books, the latter of which was written by Tobias. Both were advertised in the attract modes on early versions of the first two
MK games. Meanwhile, in 1994, Malibu Comics launched an official
MK comic book series, spawning two six-issue series ("Blood and Thunder" and "Battlewave"), along with several miniseries, and one-shot character issues, until production ended in August 1995.
Brady Games also produced a
trading card game based off
Mortal Kombat called
Mortal Kombat Kard Game in 1994.
Jeff Rovin penned a non-canon
Mortal Kombat novel, which was published in June 1995 in order to coincide with the release of the movie.
An official
techno album based on the first game was created by
Praga Khan and Oliver Adams as the Immortals in 1994. It featured two themes for the game, Techno Syndrome and Hypnotic House. Techno Syndrome was adapted for the 1995 movie soundtrack, and introduced the familiar
Mortal Kombat yell. It also featured one song for each playable character from the first game, and one for
Goro. [
1]
The
Mortal Kombat mythology borrows heavily from multiple sources, primarily (but not limited to)
Asian cultures, religions and
martial arts. Examples include the following:
*
Raiden, who is the God of Thunder in
Mortal Kombat, takes his name from the Japanese Raiden (meaning "thunder and lightning"), which is the name of
a demon-god in
Japanese mythology. The Japanese Raiden is usually depicted as a man-beast with sharp teeth, long hair and a large drum for making thunder. The
Mortal Kombat Raiden's trademark glowing eyes and straw hat, however, appear to have been inspired by the Three Storms in the film
Big Trouble in Little China. In the early console releases and associated media, he was also named
Rayden.
*
Fujin (
Mortal Kombat 4) is named after the Japanese wind god
Fuujin.
*Other characters have no direct counterparts in mythology, though their names are derived from Asiatic languages:
**
Shujinko (
Mortal Kombat: Deception) is from the Japanese
shujinkou (meaning "protagonist").
**
Damashi (
Mortal Kombat: Deception) is from the Japanese
damashi (meaning "deception").
**
Hotaru (
Mortal Kombat: Deception) is from the Japanese
hotaru (meaning "firefly").
**
Kenshi (
Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance and
Mortal Kombat: Deception) is from the Japanese
kenshi (meaning "swordsman").
*The
White Lotus Society to which Liu Kang belonged may or may not have been named after the secret
White Lotus Society which existed in China during the
Yuan Dynasty and
Ming Dynasty. A white
lotus is traditionally symbolic of death.
*The
Lin Kuei ninja clan that Sub-Zero hails from is an allusion to the real-life myths of a
Lin Kuei assassin guild in the mountains of China, who may or may not have been taught the ways of mysticism by mountain and forest spirits and demons such as the
Tengu. Rumor has it that representatives of the historical Lin Kuei traveled to Japan to teach the locals the art of what would eventually be known as
ninjutsu, a tale that is mimicked by
Takeda's departure from the Mortal Kombat Lin Kuei to set up his own ninja clan in Japan, the
Shirai Ryu.
*Kano's
Black Dragon clan may be based loosely on the historical
Black Dragon Society.
*
Moloch shares his name with the ancient
Middle Eastern deity
Moloch*
Shang Tsung as a name is an actual expression for "temple elder". Deriving this from the fact that Chinese mysticism often entwined spirituality and magic, this may be a reference to Shang Tsung's actual call as a sorcerer.
*
Sheeva's name can be recognized, as based on the Hindu god,
Shiva, both of which have four arms.
*Bo Rai Cho's appearance is resembling to that of Sha Wujing of
Journey to the West.
*The name Bo' Rai Cho is a play on the Spanish word borracho, meaning "drunk".
*The idea of reincarnation is taken from Buddhism and Hinduism.
*Onaga's character is almost based from the Dragon King of Journey to the West, a cruel monarch who was killed by a child hero.
Characters from the
Mortal Kombat series have sometimes appeared in other video games as secret characters, particularly other Midway games. Examples of this include:
*Raiden had a cameo appearance in a pinball machine,
Bally's
1994 World Cup Championship, in a bonus round.
*Raiden, Reptile, Scorpion and Sub-Zero appeared as playable characters in early versions of NBA Jam TE and the Sega Saturn conversion. [
2]
*Raiden and Shinnok appeared as unlockable characters in the original
NFL Blitz game.
*Raiden appeared as an unlockable character in
Unreal Championship 2: The Liandri Conflict (which coincidentally also included a fatality system similar to
MK's).
Shao Kahn's voice is also an alternate to the default announcer.
*Sub-Zero and Scorpion both appear as secret characters in
MLB Slugfest 20-04.
*Scorpion can be unlocked as a skin for the main character of the
Midway game
Psi Ops.
Mortal Kombat has also been the focus of several extremely popular game modifications, including hacks to the original Mortal Kombat PC games (
MK2: Kintaro's Vulgar Version), and the integration of console artwork and audio into other game engines, including but not limited to the original
Quake and
Unreal engines (
Mortal Kombat Quake TC).
A
fanmade version of
Pong based on the
Mortal Kombat series called
Pong Kombat was released in 1994.
MushroomKombat is a satirical take on Mortal Kombat featuring the eight-man metal band
Mushroomhead as fighters.
The Mortal Kombat characters are also featured in the
trading card game Epic Battles which pits them against characters from other fighting game series.
Primal Rage featured a battle system similar to that found in
Mortal Kombat, including fatality-like finishing moves and blood depiction. The major difference was that this game's characters were digitized, stop-motion animated dinosaurs and prehistoric apes puppets instead of digitized humans.
Killer Instinct, produced by
Rare, was also a fairly popular game that adopted a similar gameplay mechanism.
OpenMortal is a parody of Mortal Kombat, released for Windows and Linux under the
GNU General Public License (GPL). It has 18 playable characters, with the possibility of adding designed characters, and can be played in team mode and network.
Thrill Kill- A direct-to-console game for the Playstation that was much gorier and violent than Mortal Kombat. Never commercially released due to the objections of Electronic Arts.
Time Killers was an arcade fighting game created during the success of
Mortal Kombat by the game company known as Strata, featuring warriors from different time periods armed with a particular weapon. Unlike MK, however, it introduced 'Instant Kills' which could be done at any time the player desired and would immediately end a match if they hit successfully. Arms could also be hacked off with more damage.
Eternal Champions was an arcade-style fighting game released by Sega for the
Sega Genesis, and re-released on the
Sega CD. Though not necessarily a direct rip-off of Mortal Kombat, it was one of the first 2-D fighting games to include combos and incredibly gory fatalities, some of which totally out-do Mortal Kombat in the gore department (one such Fatality is the stage finisher in Dawson McShane's level, where a large wooden spike impales the losing character, resulting in gallons of blood and various intestines exploding from the fighter's torso.)
BloodStorm was another game created by the same team who developed
Time Killers and featured the same gameplay and features, but with the addition of even managing to hack off an opponent's lower body and completely incapacitating them, as well as over-the-top violence, among other things. Ultimately fans considered it little more than a ripoff, and it ultimately flopped in the arcades.
*
Acclaim produced 2 Mortal Kombat-styled games based on the
World Wrestling Federation: "WWF Wrestlemania: The Arcade Game" & "WWF In Your House". Both featured Mortal Kombat-like sprites, moves, and finishers.
*
Way Of The Warrior: Way of the Warrrior was the tile of an ultra-violent fighting that featured digitized graphics of real fighters released for the 3DO CD-ROM system by
Boston-based
Naughty Dog.
*
Tattoo Assassins: Tattoo Assassins was a fighting game developed by Data East using the same digitized graphics style as Mortal Kombat. Most notable is that the game featured over 200 Fatalities, including Nudalities (only a rumor in Mortal Kombat) and Animalities (before they were featured in Mortal Kombat 3).
*
Street Fighter: The Movie (video game): The game used realistic, digitized graphics, trying to capitalize on the success of Mortal Kombat. Street Fighter: The Movie was co-developed by
Capcom and Incredible Technologies and published by Capcom (in Japan) and
Acclaim (in the US). It was poorly received by gamers and critics.
*
Blood Warrior: A Japanese fighting game featuring digitized graphics released in 1994 by Kaneko.[
3]
*
Survival Arts: Yet another violent fighting game with digitized graphics and death finishing moves, this time created by
Sammy. This video game was released in 1993 in order to cash in on the success of the Mortal Kombat series. [
4]
*Bonestorm: A fictional game used on
The Simpsons.
*
MK Project: A recreation of UMK3 style Mortal Kombat using
M.U.G.E.N..
*
List of Mortal Kombat characters*
Minor Mortal Kombat characters*
List of Mortal Kombat arenasOfficial websites
*
Mortal Kombat Official Website*
Mortal Kombat Comics*
Mortal Kombat Armageddon Official WebsiteOther websites
*
German Mortal Kombat Forum*
Mortal Kombat Games 62 videogames on 23 platforms, full characters list.
*
Total Mortal Kombat*
Mortal Kombat Online*
Portable Mortal Kombat*
Mortal Kombat Conquest*
MK Hideout*
GameSpot's History of Mortal Kombat*
TRMK*
Mortal Kombat Outworld*
Dave's Mortal Kombat*
Mortal Kombat Guides*
Spanish Mortal Kombat*
Mortal Kombat Unleashed Forums*
HeroMK*
The Kombat Pavilion*
MK Shrine*
MK Turkiye*
Kamidogu*
Fuzzd0rk's Mortal Kombat
