Particle beam weapon
:
For devices that send an electric current down a laser beam, see Electrolaser directed-energy weapon.
A
particle beam weapon uses an ultra high energy beam of atoms or
electrons (eg., a
particle beam) to damage a material target by hitting it, and thus disrupting its
atomic and
molecular structure. A particle beam weapon is a type of
directed-energy weapon which directs energy in a particular direction by a means of particle projectiles with mass. Some of these weapons are real or practicable; some are science fiction.
An
electron particle beam weapon works by disrupting electric circuits and electronic devices in its targets. If any living animals or persons were caught by the electric discharge of an electron beam weapon, it is likely to electrocute them. An electron beam weapon can also damage or melt its target by the electrical resistance heating of the target.
A neutral particle beam weapon
ionizes
hydrogen gas by either stripping an electron off of each hydrogen atom, or by allowing each hydrogen atom to capture an extra electron. When hydrogen gains electrons it forms
anions; when hydrogen atoms lose electrons they form
cations. This is why particle beam weapons may be called
ion cannons. A particle beam weapon that accelerates anions uses a traveling wave type
particle accelerator. In this kind of ion accelerator, the negative ions are released inside a cylindrical ion acceleration chamber. This chamber has an electrode with an alternating electric charge of up to 1,000,000,000 volts inside it.
These stages happen:-# While the charge on the electrode is positive, the ions are attracted to the negative charge on the electrode, and thus bunched around it.# The alternating voltage switches the charge to negative on the accelerating electrode.# The negative charge electrostatically repels the negative ions and accelerates them to near the velocity of light.# The resulting high energy beam of anions passes through a chamber filled with low pressure gas.# There, collisions with the gas strip the extra electrons from the anions, and thus make the particle beam neutral.# The particle beam proceeds straight to its target, and damages it by running into it, and by disrupting the structure of the target with its
kinetic energy.
Cyclotron particle accelerators,
linear particle accelerators, and
synchroton particle acclerators can accelerate positively charged hydrogen ions until their velocity approaches the speed of light, and each individual ion has a kinetic energy of from 100 MeV to 1000 MeV or more. Then the resulting high energy protons can capture electrons from electron emitter electrodes, and be thus electrically neutralized. This creates an electrically neutral beam of high energy hydrogen atoms, that can proceed straight line at near the velocity of light to zap its target and thus damage it.
The pulsed particle beam emitted by a particle beam weapon may contain up to 1
gigajoule of kinetic energy or more. The speed of a beam equaling the speed of light(186,000 miles per second) in combination with the energy created by the weapon would negate any realistic means of defending a target against the beam. Target hardening through shielding or materials selection would be impractical or ineffective
[ Richard M. Roberds, "Introducing the Particle-Beam Weapon". Air University Review (airpower.maxwell.af.mil), July-August 1984. ], especially if the beam can be generated successfully and pointed at the target.
[ "Neutral Particle Beam (NPB)". Federation of American Scientists, 2005. ]Modern experiments
Several modern experimental particle beam weapons were tested at scientific laboratories such as the
Los Alamos laboratory in
New Mexico by both the United States and the
USSR from the 1950s to the 1980s.
The U.S. Defense Strategic Defense Initiative Organization put into development the technology of a neutral particle beam for strategic defense applications. In mid 1989, it was to be part of the Beam Experiments Aboard a Rocket (BEAR) in New Mexico.
[ G. J. Nunz, "BEAR (Beam Experiments Aboard a Rocket) Project. Volume 1: Project Summary". Storming Media LLC., 2001.]Non-fiction
* Energy weapons
* Particle beams
* Pinch (plasma physics)
;Fiction
* GTCv Deimos
* Voyage from Yesteryear
* List of F.E.A.R. weaponsCitations
