Print on demand

Print on demand or publish on demand (POD) is a publishing methodology in which a copy is not created until after an order is received. While POD may use any printing technology, such as linocut or Gutenberg letter press, digital printing is so often employed that the terms are often used interchangeably. To add to the confusion, Print on Demand is also a trademark of Cygnus Business Media, Inc. POD is often associated with self-publishing, but contrary to popular belief, POD is not a business model: many traditional small presses have replaced their traditional printing equipment with POD equipment or contract their printing out to POD service providers, and many university presses use POD services to maintain a large backlist.

Book publishing through POD

Print on demand with digital technology is used as a way of publishing books for a fixed cost per copy, irrespective of the size of the order. Digital technology is ideally suited to publish small print runs of books and posters (often as a single copy) as and when they are needed. While the unit price of each physical book printed is higher than with offset printing, when setup costs are taken into account digital print on demand provides lower per unit costs for very small print runs than traditional printing methods.

The introduction of UV-curable inks and media for large format inkjet printers has allowed artists, photographers and owners of image collections to take advantage of print on demand. The National Gallery, London installed a print on demand system using HP printers and technology in their shop in July 2003. The system increased the number of images available as prints from 60 to 2,500 (almost all of the gallery's permanent collection).

While the unit cost of a book or print produced using POD is usually higher than one produced as part of a longer print run, POD does bring some key business benefits: 1) large inventories of the book or poster do not need to be kept in stock, 2) the technical set-up is usually quicker and less expensive than for traditional printing and 3) there is little or no waste from unsold products. These advantages reduce the risks associated with publishing books and prints and can lead to increased choice for consumers. However, the reduced risks can also mean that quality control is occasionally less rigorous than usual.
While most print-on-demand services that offer services directly to consumers do ask an up front fee for the creation of the digital masters, editing, and formatting services, it is likely to be less than the set-up for traditional printing. Print-on-demand services for publishers generally do not include mastering, editing, or formatting services; accordingly, set-up fees are generally nominal.

As of 2006, print on demand book publishing is growing in popularity. In the consumer market, this growth is especially strong among first-time authors as an affordable and easy way to get a book into print with little or no editorial review. The leading POD book publishers for the consumer market include BookSurge, iUniverse, Xlibris, Xulon Press, Lulu and Blurb. Print-on-demand services that offer printing and distributing services to publishing companies are also growing in popularity within the industry. The leading print-on-demand service providers for publishers are Lightning Source, a division of Ingram Book Group, a leading U.S. book wholesaler, and, to a lesser extent and more recently, BookSurge, an Amazon.com company.

Profits from print on demand publishing are on a per sale basis, and the amount of commission often varies depending on the route by which the item is sold. Highest profits are usually generated from sales direct from the print-on-demand service's website or by buying copies from the service at a discount, as the publisher, and then selling them yourself. Lowest commission usually come from sales from "bricks and mortar" bookshops, with on-line bookstores falling somewhere in between.

See also

*Vanity press
*Author mill

Bibliography

Print on Demand Book Publishing, Morris Rosenthal (2004) ISBN 0972380132
The Self-Publishing Manual: How to Write, Print and Sell Your Own Book, Dan Poynter (2003) ISBN 1-56860-088-7
*''Perfect Pages: Publishing with Microsoft Word, Aaron Shepard (2006) ISBN 0938497332

External links

*Warnings and Cautions for Writers - Warnings about subsidy publishing
*Print on Demand Publishing - A Print-on-Demand Case study with Costs and Profits
*An Incomplete Guide to POD - A guide to print providers and subsidy publishers