Scientific transliteration

Scientific transliteration, also called the International Scholarly System, is a system for transliteration of text from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet (romanization). This system is most often seen in linguistics publications on Slavic languages.

The scientific transliteration system is purely phonemic, meaning that each character represents one meaningful unit of sound in a particular Slavic language. It is based on the Croatian alphabet, in which each letter corresponds directly to a Cyrillic letter of the related Serbian language. It was codified in the 1898 Prussian Instructions for libraries, or Preußische Instruktionen (PI). It can also be used to romanize the early Glagolitic alphabet, which has a close correspondence to Cyrillic.

Scientific transliteration was the basis for the ISO 9 transliteration standard. While scientific transliteration preserves the original language's pronunciation, the latest version of the ISO standard (ISO 9:1995) ignores the letters' sounds. ISO 9 allows for unambiguous reverse transliteration into the original Cyrillic text, by specifying a single unique Latin character for each Cyrillic letter. The official Russian government romanization system, GOST 16876-71, is also based on scientific transliteration, but using х=h instead of Latin x.

Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires Unicode, Latin-2, Latin-4, or Latin-7 encoding.| Scientific transliteration and ISO 9

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Cyrillic	CS	Bulgarian	Russian	Belarusian	Ukrainian	Serbian	Macedonian	ISO 9
А а	a	a	a	a	a	a	a	a
Б б	b	b	b	b	b	b	b	b
�' в	v	v	v	v	v	v	v	v
�" г	g	g	g	h	h	g	g	g
Ґ ґ				g*	g			g̀
�" д	d	d	d	d	d	d	d	d
Ѓ �"							ǵ	ǵ
Ђ �'						đ (dj)		đ
Е е		e	e	e	e	e	e	e
Ё ё			ë	ë				ë
Є �"	e				je			ê
Ж ж	ž	ž	ž	ž	ž	ž	ž	ž
З з	z	z	z	z	z	z	z	z
Ѕ ѕ	dz						dz	ẑ
И и	i	i	i		y	i	i	i
I і	i		i*	i	i			ì
Ї ї	i				ï (ji)			ï
Й й		j	j	j	j			j
Ј ј						j	j	ǰ
К к	k	k	k	k	k	k	k	k
Л л	l	l	l	l	l	l	l	l
Љ љ						lj	lj	l̂
М м	m	m	m	m	m	m	m	m
Н н	n	n	n	n	n	n	n	n
Њ њ						nj	nj	n̂
О о	o	o	o	o	o	o	o	o
П п	p	p	p	p	p	p	p	p
Р р	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
С с	s	s	s	s	s	s	s	s
Т т	t	t	t	t	t	t	t	t
Ќ ќ							ḱ	ḱ
Ћ ћ	ǵ					ć		ć
У у		u	u	u	u	u	u	u
ОУ оу	u
Ў ў				ŭ (w)				ŭ
Ф ф	f	f	f	f	f	f	f	f
Х х	x	h	x	x	x	h	h	h
Ц ц	c	c	c	c	c	c	c	c
Ч ч	č	č	č	č	č	č	č	č
Џ џ						dž	dž	d̂
Ш ш	š	š	š	š	š	š	š	š
Щ щ	šč (št)	št	šč		šč			ŝ
Ъ ъ	ъ (�")	ǎ	″					″
Ы ы	y (ū)		y	y				y
Ь ь	ь (ǐ)	j	′	′	′			′
Ѣ ѣ	ě		ě*	ě*	ě*			ě
Э э			è	è				è
Ю ю	ju	ju	ju	ju	ju			û
Я я	ja†	ja	ja	ja	ja			â
'				�"	�"			'
Ѡ ѡ	o, ô
Ѧ ѧ	ę
Ѩ ѩ	ję
Ѫ ѫ	ǫ							ǎ
Ѭ ѭ	jǫ
Ѯ ѯ	ks
Ѱ ѱ	ps
Ѳ ѳ	th (θ)		f*	f*	f*			f̀
Ѵ ѵ	ü		(i*)	(i*)	(i*)			ỳ
Ѥ ѥ	je

* Archaic letters
† Church Slavonic Iotified A (IA)

"CS"=Church Slavonic. Letters in parentheses are older or alternate transliterations. Ukrainian and Belarusian apostrophe are not transcribed. Early Cyrillic letter koppa (Ҁ, ҁ) was used only for transliterating Greek, and for its numeric value, so it is omitted. ISO 9:1995 is provided for comparison.

See also

* Romanization of Bulgarian
* Romanization of Russian
* Romanization of Ukrainian

References

* (Winter 2003) "Transliteration", in Slavic and East European Journal, 47 (4):backmatter�"every issue of this journal has a transliteration reference in the back, including a table labelled "ISO Transliteration System", although it is different from the latest version of ISO 9:1995.
* IDS (Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz, 2001) Katalogisierungsregeln IDS (KIDS), Anhänge, "IDS G.4: Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabete". Universität Zürich. URL accessed on 2006-02-16 (PDF format, in German)�"ISO/R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration

External links

* Transliteration history�"history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets
* Linguistics Style Sheet of Ohio State University Slavic Studies (PDF)�"Scientific transliteration for various languages is shown in a table on p. 4.
* Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts