Social engineering (security)
Social engineering is the practice of obtaining confidential information by manipulation of legitimate users. A social engineer will commonly use the telephone or
Internet to trick people into revealing sensitive information or getting them to do something that is against typical policies. By this method, social engineers
exploit the natural tendency of a person to trust his or her word, rather than exploiting computer security holes. It is generally agreed upon that “users are the weak link” in security and this principle is what makes social engineering possible.
A contemporary example of a social engineering attack is the use of
e-mail attachments that contain malicious
payloads (that, for instance, use the victim's machine to send massive quantities of
spam). After earlier malicious e-mails led software vendors to disable automatic
execution of
e-mail attachments, users now have to explicitly activate attachments for this to occur. Many users, however, will blindly click on any attachments they receive, thus allowing the attack to work.
Perhaps the simplest, but a still effective attack is tricking a user into thinking one is an administrator and requesting a password for various purposes. Users of Internet systems frequently receive messages that request password or
credit card information in order to "set up their account" or "reactivate settings" or some other benign operation in what are called
phishing attacks. Users of these systems must be warned early and frequently not to divulge sensitive information, passwords or otherwise, to people claiming to be administrators. In reality, administrators of
computer systems rarely, if ever, need to know the user's password to perform administrative tasks. However, even this might not be necessary — in a
2003 Infosecurity survey, 90% of office workers gave away their
password in exchange for a cheap
pen. [
1]
Social engineering also applies to the act of face-to-face manipulation to gain physical access to computer systems.
Training users about security policies and ensuring that they are followed is the primary defense against social engineering.
One of the most infamous social engineers in recent history is
Kevin Mitnick.
* In the film
Hackers, the
protagonist used a form of social engineering, where the main character accessed a TV network's control system by phoning the security guard for a modem number, posing as an important executive. Although the film is not highly accurate, the particular method demonstrates the power of social engineering.
* A form of social engineering can frequently be found in the Online Internet Gaming community. Befriending a user with the intent of extorting account passwords and game serial numbers can give previously banned cheaters access to online play. Insecure personal password policies amongst gamers will often give the unscrupulous user access to gamer's other types of account, eg: forum accounts or email accounts. Gamers should secure their accounts with strong passwords and never share their serial numbers or they may face sharing the server/forum bans that the hackers earn.
*
Pretexting*
Phishing*
Confidence trick*
Certified Social Engineering Prevention Specialist (CSEPS)* John Leyden,
April 18,
2003.
Office workers give away passwords for a cheap pen.
The Register. Retrieved
2004-
09-09.
*
Kevin D. Mitnick, William L. Simon,
Steve Wozniak. The Art of Deception: Controlling the Human Element of Security. John Wiley & Sons,
2002. ISBN 0471237124.
* SirRoss,
January 20,
2005.
A Guide to Social Engineering, Volume 1 A Guide to Social Engineering, Volume 2.
Astalavista.
*
Social Engineering Fundamentals*
Social Engineering: A complete Article*
Social Engineering, the USB Way - Dark Reading (Jun 7th, 2006)
