Yves Klein
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Untitled blue monochrome in the style of Yves Klein. |
Yves Klein (
28 April 1928 -
6 June 1962) was a
French artist and is considered an important figure in post-war European
neo-Dadaism.
Klein was born in
Nice. His parents,
Fred Klein and Marie Raymond, were both
painters. He lived in
Japan for a time, becoming an expert in
judo, before settling in
Paris and beginning to exhibit his work there. Klein died in Paris of a
heart attack in 1962, shortly before the birth of his son.
Many of his early
paintings were monochrome and in a variety of colours. By the late 1950s, Klein's monochrome works were almost exclusively in a deep
blue hue which he eventually patented as
International Klein Blue (IKB, =PB29, =CI 77007), but which was never produced commercially.
As well as conventionally made paintings, in a number of works Klein had naked female models covered in blue paint dragged across or laid upon canvases to make the image, using the models as "living brushes". This type of work he called
Anthropometry. Other paintings in this method of production include "recordings" of rain that Klein made by driving around in the rain at 70 miles per hour with a canvas tied to the roof of his car, and canvases with patterns of soot created by scorching the canvas with gas burners.
Klein and
Arman were continually involved with each other creatively, both as
Nouveau Realistes and as friends. Both from Nice, the two worked together for many decades and Arman even named one of his children after Yves Klein.
Sometimes the creation of these paintings was turned into a kind of
performance art - an event in
1960, for example, had an audience dressed in formal evening wear watching the models go about their task while an instrumental ensemble played Klein's
1949 The Monotone Symphony, which consisted of a single sustained chord.[
1][
2]
Klein is also well known for a
photograph,
Saut dans le vide (
Leap into the Void) [
3] , which apparently shows him jumping off a wall, arms outstretched, towards the pavement. Klein used the photograph as evidence of his oft-mentioned unaided lunar travel. In fact, "Saut dans le vide" was published as part of a broadside on the part of Klein (the "artist of space") denouncing NASA's own lunar expeditions as hubris and folly.
In another act that became known as an Yves Klein artwork, he offered and managed to sell empty spaces in the city in exchange for
gold. He wanted his buyers to experience The Void by selling them empty space. In his view this experience could only be paid for in the purest material: gold. In order to restore the "natural order" that he had unbalanced by selling the empty space (that was now not "empty" anymore), Klein threw the gold into the river
Seine.
Klein's work revolved around a
Zen-influenced concept he came to describe as "le Vide" or in English: the Void. Klein's Void is a nirvana-like state that is void of worldly influences; a neutral zone where one is inspired to pay attention to ones own sensibilities, and to "reality" as opposed to "representation". Klein presented his work in forms that were recognized as art - paintings, a book, a musical composition - but then would take away the expected content of that form (paintings without pictures, a book without words, a musical composition without in fact composition) leaving only a shell, as it were. In this way he tried to create for the audience his "Zones of Immaterial Pictorial Sensibility".Instead of representing objects in a subjective, artistic way, Klein wanted his subjects to be represented by their imprint: the image of their absence.Klein's work strongly refers to a theoretical/arthistorical context as well as to philosophy/metaphysics and with his work he aimed to combine these. He tried to make his audience experience a state where an idea could simultaneously be "felt" as well as "understood".
*
International Klein Blue*
Klein at Art Minimal & Conceptual Only*
Yves Klein: Selected Writings, 1928-1962*
Yves Klein: Air Architecture (Review of architectural projects by Yves Klein from 1958 through 1961.)
